Accessories for cameras are mainly for care, protection, special effects and functions.
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The evolution of low-light cameras in the Chinese market The evolution of low-light cameras in the Chinese market is simply divided into the following three steps:
Color during the day / black and white at night (COLOR / MONO); slow shutter (SLOW / SHUTTER) and super-sensitivity camera (EXVIEW / HAD).
1. Color during the day / Black and white at night (COLOR / MONO for day and night type cameras) These cameras still have their specific demand groups in the market. The domestic market was launched in the United States before the launch of the DIS888C low-light night vision camera PC-360D. The camera has always been the mainstream product of this type of night vision. The minimum illuminance of the COLOR / MONO camera on the domestic market is even 0LUX. We can't help but ask: "The camera is made of optical principles, how to image at 0 illuminance?" Daytime color / night black and white (COLOR / MONO) ) The camera uses the feature of high sensitivity of black and white image to infrared. Under certain light source conditions, the image is converted from color to black and white by line switching method, so as to match infrared. In the technical evolution of color / black and white line conversion, early phases like PHILIPS (Philips), IKEGAMI (Ikegami), and Japanese JVC used 2 SENSOR (1 color, 1 black and white) to share a set of circuits and then switched. The type of camera has adopted a single CCD (color) design. It is a color camera in the daytime or when the light source is sufficient. When night comes or the light source is insufficient (generally in 1LUX ~ 3LUX), the digital signal is eliminated by the digital circuit to become a black and white image, and In order to match the infrared, the infrared filter that is indispensable for the color camera is also removed. Although this method can achieve the purpose of "low illumination" at night, it has the disadvantages of blurred images and unnatural colors during the day, and the camera's shooting distance Will be limited by the distance of the infrared lamp. According to the manufacturer, in order to make up for this shortcoming, Japan ’s SANYO has introduced a model that uses a motor to control the opening and closing of the filter (that is, with the switching of color / black and white images, opening and closing the filter), but this model also seems to have The market disappeared. However, whether the COLOR MONO camera is a "low-illumination" camera is still quite controversial. Experts point out that the real "low-illumination camera" should refer to the functions that can be achieved by the camera itself (the components and technologies used), while the daytime color / The black-and-white camera at night is limited by the sensitivity of the CCD and cannot be changed by itself. It only uses line switching and infrared light to enhance the function. It cannot be regarded as a low-light camera.
2. Low-speed shutter (SLOW / SHUTTER) This type of camera is also called (screen) accumulation type camera. It uses the technology of computer memory to continuously accumulate several blurry pictures due to lack of light to become a clear image. The picture, using SLOW SHUTTER technology to reduce the camera illumination to 0.008LUX / F1.2 (× 128), and the number of frames (128 frames) that the picture can accumulate belongs to the leading level even including imported brands. This type of low-light camera is suitable for museums that are prohibited from damage by red and ultraviolet rays, night biological activity observation, night military coastline monitoring, etc., and the monitoring of relatively static properties. Xu Tanbin, the manager of the marketing department of Taiwan Liling Enterprise, believes that the camera using SLOW SHUTTER technology is the real low-light camera; Zhang Zhiming, the business manager of Taiwan Lingan Technology, believes that the standard low-light camera should refer to the (screen) cumulative camera. Currently low-illumination cameras of this type, Taiwan manufacturers are dominated by lilin. Imported brands include NEC, IKEGAMI, FUJULSU, MITSUBISHI, SAMSUNG, etc. Most imported brands are expensive and have a small cumulative frame number (32 frames), such as Ikegami, Japan (IKEGAMI) ICD-870P illuminance 0.03 / F1.2 (× 32). For this reason, the engineering and distributors should favor Taiwan P-CAM (P-CAM), which is also technologically advanced. 3. Super-sensitivity camera (EXVIEW / HAD) Super-sensitivity camera (EXVIEW / HAD), also known as 24-hour camera, is the most popular model in the world in 1998, its color illumination can reach 0.05LUX, black and white can reach 0.003 -0.001LUX (also with infrared to achieve 0LUX) not only can clearly identify the image, but also real-time continuous picture. This type of camera mainly uses EXVIEW / HAD / CCD (super Sense CCD), which uses patented technology to increase the aperture ratio of each pixel of the CCD, thereby achieving the requirement of lower illumination. Because the process cost of the CCD is still high, the total amount of each month in the world in 1999 is not yet Up to 4,000 units; the technical barriers for relative finished product manufacturers to develop such cameras are also high. During the 2000 Beijing Expo, DIS888C and DIS988C used the EXVIEW HAD CCD technology in the night vision series launched by discover in the United States to demonstrate its unparalleled night vision effect. The technology adopted is EXVIEW HAD CCD + picture accumulation technology, and basically eliminates the drag The shadow phenomenon is estimated to be at the leading level in terms of current global technology.
Lens hood: used on the end of a lens to block the sun or other light source to prevent glare and lens flare (see also matte box).
Lens cap: covers and protects the lens during storage.
Lens adapter: sometimes called a step-ring, adapts the lens to other size filters.
Lens filters: allow artificial colors or change light density.
Lens extension tubes allow close focus in macro photography.
Flash equipment: including light diffuser, mount and stand, reflector, soft box, trigger and cord.
Care and protection: including camera case and cover, maintenance tools, and screen protector.
Large format cameras use special equipment which includes magnifier loupe, view finder, angle finder, focusing rail /truck.
Battery and sometimes a charger.
Some professional SLR could be provided with interchangeable finders for eye-level or waist-level focusing, focusing screens, eye-cup, data backs, motor-drives for film transportation or external battery packs.
Tripod, microscope adapter, cable release, electric wire release.
Dew shield - Prevents moisture build up on the lens.
Basic knowledge of low-light cameras
The correct understanding of low-illumination cameras is divided on the definition of low-illumination. There is no consensus that color cameras range from 0.0004LUX to 1LUX, and black-and-white cameras range from 0.0003 to 0.1LUX. (If matched with infrared, they can reach 0LUX). This is the domestic market. There is no unified standard for the technical specifications of the CCTV industry, and there are situations where each speaks its own way. Industry insiders emphasized that how low the illuminance can be depends not only on the aperture size (F value) of the lens, but also on the conditions under which the marked LUX value can appear, otherwise it is just a digital game! In terms of aperture size (F value), the larger the aperture, the smaller the F value it represents and the lower the illuminance required. In addition, has the electronic sensitivity (ELECTRONIC, SENSITIVITY) been improved, and what is the cumulative number of frames on a single screen? Is infrared light ON or OFF? … Etc. should be understood clearly so as not to be confused by the illuminance values ​​indicated in the specifications.