1. Foundation Fieldbus (Foundation Fieldbus FF) This is based on the ISP agreement between 80 companies including Yokogawa, ABB, Siemens, Invensys, and the WorldFIP agreement established by more than 150 companies in Europe and other countries led by Honeywell. Merged in September. The bus has been widely used in the field of process automation and has a good development prospect. The FOUNDATION fieldbus adopts the simplified model (1, 2, 7 layers) of the open system interconnection OSI of the International Organization for Standardization ISO, namely the physical layer, the data link layer, the application layer, and the user layer. FF is divided into two speeds: low speed H1 and high speed H2. The former has a transmission rate of 31.25 Kbit/s and a communication distance of 1900 m. It can support bus power supply and intrinsically safe explosion-proof environment. The latter has a transmission rate of 1 Mbit/s and 2.5 Mbit/s, a communication distance of 750 m and 500 m, and supports twisted pair, optical cable and wireless transmission, and the protocol symbol IEC1158-2. The transmission signal of the physical medium of the FF is Manchester coded. 2, CAN (ControllerAreaNetwork Controller LAN) It was first introduced by the German company BOSCH. It is widely used in the field of discrete control. Its bus specification has been developed into an international standard by the ISO International Standards Organization and has been supported by Intel, Motorola, NEC and other companies. The CAN protocol is divided into two layers: the physical layer and the data link layer. CAN signal transmission adopts short frame structure, short transmission time, automatic shutdown function and strong anti-interference ability. CAN supports multi-master mode of operation, and adopts non-destructive bus arbitration technology to avoid conflicts by setting priorities. The communication distance is up to 10KM/5Kbps/s, and the communication rate is up to 40M/1Mbp/s. The actual number can reach 110. At present, a number of companies have developed communication chips that conform to the CAN protocol. 3, Lonworks It was launched by Echelon Corporation of the United States and was jointly promoted by Motorola and Toshiba. It adopts all 7-layer communication protocols of ISO/OSI model, adopts object-oriented design method, and simplifies network communication design to parameter setting through network variables. Supports multiple communication media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical cable and infrared. The communication speed ranges from 300bit/s to 1.5M/s, and the direct communication distance can reach 2700m (78Kbit/s). It is known as the universal control network. . The LonTalk protocol used by Lonworks technology is encapsulated into a Neuron (neuron) chip and implemented. Products using Lonworks technology and neuron chips are widely used in building automation, home automation, security systems, office equipment, transportation, industrial process control and other industries. 4, DeviceNet DeviceNet is a low-cost communication connection and a simple network solution with open network standards. The direct interconnectivity of DeviceNet not only improves communication between devices but also provides a significant level of device-level position. DebiceNet is based on CAN technology, with a transmission rate of 125Kbit/s to 500Kbit/s. The maximum number of nodes per network is 64. The communication mode is: Producer/Consumer, which uses multi-channel broadcast information transmission. Devices located on the DeviceNet network can be freely connected or disconnected without affecting other devices on the network, and the installation and wiring costs of the devices are also low. The organization structure of the DeviceNet bus is OpenDeviceNetVendorAssociation (Open Device Network Vendor Association, referred to as "ODVA"). 5, PROFIBUS PROFIBUS is the fieldbus standard for the German standard (DIN19245) and the European standard (EN50170). It consists of PROFIBUS--DP, PROFIBUS-FMS and PROFIBUS-PA series. DP is used to spread high-speed data transmission between peripherals and is suitable for processing automation. FMS is suitable for textile, building automation, programmable controllers, low voltage switches, etc. The bus type used by PA for process automation is subject to the IEC1158-2 standard. PROFIBUS supports several transmission modes such as master-slave system, pure master station system, multi-master multi-slave hybrid system. The transmission rate of PROFIBUS is 9.6Kbit/s to 12Mbit/s, the maximum transmission distance is 1200m at 9.6Kbit/s, and it is 200m at 12Mbit/s. It can be extended to 10km by repeater, and the transmission medium is twisted pair or Fiber optic cable, up to 127 sites can be attached. 6, HART HART is the abbreviation of HighwayAddressableRemoteTransducer, first developed by Rosemount. It is characterized by the realization of digital signal communication on the existing analog signal transmission line, which belongs to the transition product of the analog system to the digital system. The communication model adopts three layers of physical layer, data link layer and application layer, and supports point-to-point master-slave response mode and multicast mode. Because it uses analog and digital signal mixing, it is difficult to develop a universal communication interface chip. HART can be powered by the bus to meet the requirements of intrinsic safety and explosion protection, and can be used in a dual-master system with the handheld programmer and the management system host as the master device. 7, CC-Link CC-Link is the abbreviation of Control&CommunicationLink (Control and Communication Link System). In November 1996, it was launched by a number of companies led by Mitsubishi Electric, and its growth momentum is rapid, with a large share in Asia. In its system, control and information data can be transmitted to the field network at a high speed of 10 Mbit/s, which has the advantages of excellent performance, simple use, wide application, and cost saving. It not only solves the complicated problems of industrial field wiring, but also has excellent noise resistance and compatibility. CC-Link is a device-based network that also covers higher-level control layers and lower-level sensing layers. In July 2005, CC-Link was approved by the China National Standards Committee as the guiding technical document for China's national standards. 8, WorldFIP After the North American part of WorkdFIP merged with ISP as FF, the European part of WorldFIP remains independent and is headquartered in France. It has an important position in the European market, especially in France with a market share of approximately 60%. WorldFIP is characterized by a single bus structure to meet the needs of different application areas, and there is no gateway or bridge, software to solve the high-speed and low-speed connection. WorldFIP and FFHSE can achieve "transparent connection" and technical extensions to FF's H1, such as rate. In terms of the connection with the first type of IEC61158, WorldFIP is doing its best and is at the forefront of the world. In addition, the more influential fieldbus is P-Net proposed by the Danish company Process-DataA/S. The bus is mainly used in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, food and other industries; SwiftNet fieldbus is mainly used in aerospace and other fields, Some other fieldbuses are not repeated here.
ZGAR AZ Vape Pods 5.0S
ZGAR electronic cigarette uses high-tech R&D, food grade disposable pod device and high-quality raw material. All package designs are Original IP. Our designer team is from Hong Kong. We have very high requirements for product quality, flavors taste and packaging design. The E-liquid is imported, materials are food grade, and assembly plant is medical-grade dust-free workshops.
From production to packaging, the whole system of tracking, efficient and orderly process, achieving daily efficient output. WEIKA pays attention to the details of each process control. The first class dust-free production workshop has passed the GMP food and drug production standard certification, ensuring quality and safety. We choose the products with a traceability system, which can not only effectively track and trace all kinds of data, but also ensure good product quality.
We offer best price, high quality Pods, Pods Touch Screen, Empty Pod System, Pod Vape, Disposable Pod device, E-cigar, Vape Pods to all over the world.
Much Better Vaping Experience!
ZGAR AZ Pods 5.0S Pods,ZGAR AZ Vape Pods 5.0S,ZGAR AZ Vape Pods 5.0S Pod System Vape,ZGAR AZ Vape Pods 5.0S Disposable Pod Vape Systems ZGAR INTERNATIONAL(HK)CO., LIMITED , https://www.zgarvapepen.com
