According to IHS's special report on rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion will become the world's most important rechargeable battery technology due to falling prices and demand from the electric and hybrid vehicle markets, and operating income will increase by 350% from 2010 to 2020. It is expected that the global lithium-ion battery operating revenue will increase from USD 11.8 billion in 2010 to USD 53.7 billion in 2020, as shown in Figure 2. In 2015, operating income will increase to 31.4 billion US dollars, surpassing the current dominant rechargeable battery technology: lead acid. Although lithium-ion will be widely used in mobile electronic products such as mobile phones and notebook computers, automotive applications will make a major contribution to its sales growth. Lithium ion is currently much more expensive than other technologies, and it is two to three times the size of sodium-sulfur, lead-acid, and nickel-metal hydride batteries. However, the price of lithium-ion technology will decline faster than other technologies. It will be the same as other technologies by 2015, and it will become the lowest cost type of rechargeable battery by 2020. Intrinsic advantages and increasing cost competitiveness will prompt automakers to use lithium-ion as the battery technology of choice for their electric and hybrid vehicles in the future. Lithium: seems to be made for cars Lithium-ion has many advantages over other rechargeable battery technologies. These advantages include more flexible dimensions and lighter weight. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect and can maintain full capacity after not being fully charged. Finally, it is generally believed that lithium-ion batteries are more environmentally friendly than other technologies. These characteristics make lithium ion particularly attractive for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Therefore, by 2015, cars will be the main market for lithium-ion batteries, surpassing the current number one application laptop. Elements of lithium ion success in electric and hybrid vehicles The mainstream battery technology currently used in hybrid vehicles is nickel-metal hydride batteries. In 2010, the shipment of hybrid vehicles using this battery exceeded 1 million, and the representative model is Toyota Prius. However, as lithium-ion batteries begin to take off, future shipments of nickel-metal hydride batteries in the hybrid vehicle market will not increase. There is a concern when using the first generation lithium-ion batteries in automobiles, and that is safety. Due to the high temperature environment, using existing lithium-ion battery materials may present a fire hazard. Documents show that lithium-ion batteries in small devices such as PCs and mobile phones have been involved in fire accidents. In order to achieve acceptable safety levels for electric and hybrid car batteries, lithium-ion battery manufacturers must take measures to avoid internal short circuits that may cause external damage. These measures include improving power generation control during the discharge process and strengthening the management of fast charging. Although cars will become the number one market for lithium-ion batteries, laptops and mobile phones will remain their main markets. Other major applications of lithium-ion batteries include solar energy systems, smart grids, and power tools.
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