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First, the PCI bus architecture: 
Usually the bus architecture splicer uses PCI Express technology, the available data bandwidth can also be up to hundreds of GPBS, the splicer is equipped with a variety of signal input cards to meet the input requirements of different signals; the splicer is equipped with multiple high-performance graphics output cards, Each output card has a very high internal bandwidth and video memory; in fact, the bus architecture splicer is a high-performance computer, the technical threshold is very low, an industrial computer, several professional multi-channel output graphics can be realized The main components need to rely on major hardware manufacturers and mature technologies, such as CPU selection Inter, graphics card selection NVIDIA, and it must be pre-installed with the corresponding operating system (such as Windows, etc.) to support the running of various applications, to achieve signals Processing function. After these understandings, we can see the insufficiency of the PCI-E bus splicer: how to design an intuitive and powerful control software, how to solve the problem of data transmission under high bandwidth, how to solve the stability problem of the hardware coordination of the system Both make the PCI-E bus architecture splicer unable to adapt to the current high reliability, high stability video system requirements.
Due to the limitation of computer CPU processing capacity and PCI bus bandwidth resources, when the number of signals is large, it is usually difficult to process in real time, which cannot meet the requirements of real-time processing and display of signals, and cannot meet the requirements of complex signal processing.
Due to the limitation of the signal input card type, the image controller of the PCI-E architecture can only collect and process RGB signals and analog video signals, and cannot handle HD HD video, SDI, and DP signals that are more and more widely used; More and more new HD video signal processing needs.
The video output graphics cards used in the bus architecture generally belong to customized image graphics cards. The resolution of each output channel conforms to the standards of the VESA Video Electronics Standards Association. It is not possible to customize non-standard resolutions, and it is not possible to define different resolutions for each channel. Can not be applied with occasions such as LED display , lack of flexibility.
The image controller of PCI-E architecture uses analog cable or analog-to-digital conversion for signal transmission. Long-distance transmission or multiple analog-to-digital conversion will cause serious noise interference and signal attenuation, resulting in degraded image display quality. The signal quality of the screen is seriously damaged, which greatly affects the display effect and cannot obtain a satisfactory display effect.
At present, most of the bus architecture splicers adopt the Windows operating system, which is vulnerable to virus attacks. Once the system is attacked by a virus attack, the display will stop and the stability and reliability cannot be guaranteed.
Second, embedded pure hardware architecture:
The embedded pure hardware architecture can be regarded as "backplane + signal acquisition board + main control board + signal output board". This architecture has a modular design of the processing board, supports hot plugging, easy replacement, no need to install windows, etc. The operating system avoids the intrusion of viruses. Many advantages make the pure hardware architecture quickly become one of the mainstream products in the splicer field. However, the signal processing algorithms used by each family are different. The advantages and disadvantages of the two algorithms determine a splicer processing. The effect is also determined by the number of single-machine loadable, which indirectly affects the power consumption, life span and failure rate of the processor. How to optimize the image compression algorithm to achieve a better and clearer display effect and ensure good performance. Transmission bandwidth requirements have become an important indicator for determining the value of pure hardware splicer products; Voury's embedded hardware splicer has a good reputation in the industry, and its advanced algorithms are key; in addition, it is flexible. Control mode (support RS232 serial port and TCP/IP network protocol control, local control and remote control, multi-level and multi-machine control, access
Third, the distributed network architecture:
The distributed image control system breaks through the technical bottlenecks of traditional bus and pure hardware architecture controllers, such as limited bus bandwidth, slow processing speed and high failure rate. It adopts advanced network distributed image processing architecture, and is composed of RGB processing module and video processing module. High-definition processing module, display processing module, audio processing module, ultra-high-resolution image processing module, IP video processing module, control server and data switch. Signal input/output adopts independent signal processor parallel processing mode to ensure the whole The system's signal real-time processing capabilities. Each input and output module is separated and connected to the central switch through a network cable to transmit data interactively.
The core of the distributed network architecture is an advanced video codec technology that processes and encodes DVI, VGA, HD, CVBS, 3G-SDI and other signals through various input modules, through a professional network transmission protocol. The encoded video audio is transmitted through the central switch to the output module for decoding, and converted into a DVI digital signal for output to the real terminal.
The difference of the output modules has become the key to the application of the framework. One method is to directly send the synchronization code through the network to realize the synchronous output of multiple output modules. However, due to the existence of the network transmission error rate, this mode runs for a period of time. There will still be output out of sync. Another method is to brave the SYNC interface to physically connect multiple output modules. It is a so-called external synchronization cable. Select one output module as the host and actively send the synchronization code to other output modules, so that all output modules receive simultaneously. To the synchronization signal, real frame synchronization output is realized to ensure the real image is complete; the frame stack technology is adopted in the direction of the signal input module, so that the front-end signal is synchronously transmitted when it is transmitted to the output module, and the two directions are applied together, and finally There is no tear at the splicing of the display, perfect for perfect synchronization.
In addition to the above advantages, the distributed network architecture processing system also has superior signal processing capability, which can realize access management and upper screen display of all signal sources, and any signal source can be realized in any position on a large screen wall at any size. Open the window to achieve any roaming and superimposed display of the window. At the same time, it supports massive IPC signals to directly access the upper screen. For example, the distributed processing system of Voray's Zhuohua Optoelectronics can realize the access and processing display of the standard format IP Camera. It does not need to configure additional decoders and other devices, and supports CIF, D1, 720P. , 1080i, 1080P and other types of IP cameras, support multi-channel IP Camera video window any size, any position, any superposition way real-time display; new IP Camera can achieve access support in one day, support matrix input and output switching, single The server supports 256 channels of IPC output on the screen. All screen windows can be arranged at will, free to move and superimpose. At the same time, the distributed processing system also supports ultra-high resolution image processing on the screen. The Voray Zhuohua photoelectric distributed processing system can support ultra-high resolution dynamic image real-time processing and display. The maximum image resolution supports 102400×10800, one-to-one pixel. Display, ultra-high resolution dynamic image signals for professional applications such as geographic information system (GIS), satellite positioning system (GPS), power monitoring system (SCADA), and traffic scheduling system (SIG) can be displayed on the mosaic wall in real time and in real time. Can support multiple ultra-high resolution images to be displayed simultaneously with the window overlay. With the support of a number of central control devices at home and abroad, wireless central control, wireless handheld touch devices, etc. can be used for splicing management, window management, scheduling, matrix device management, local echo, etc.; network-based network Distributed processor control system, the number of access modules is no longer limited, can support any size of the splicing wall settings and management, various types of signal sources can be arbitrarily added, controlled, with superior system expansion capabilities. The network distributed processor control system realizes extremely low code stream processing and transmission through a more mature audio and video codec algorithm, and can realize video and computer RGB signal transmission and decoding display in a 2M home network, in a commercial 10M network. In the meantime, it can realize high-definition video globalization Internet transmission and display, realizing the network, remote and multi-ground linkage solution in the field of large-screen splicing control. The special point to note is that the control software adapted by the network distributed architecture processing system not only supports the C/S architecture, but also supports the B/S architecture. For example, the network distributed processing system control terminal of Voray Optoelectronics can be a network. Any one of the PCs can control and manage the large screen through the IE browser, so that the entire network distributed control system has more convenient and diverse control and management capabilities.
At present, the application of the distributed network architecture splicing system is more and more. Due to the previous complaints, it is convenient for the integrated wiring in the whole building and the centralized management of multiple display terminals in different areas. With the help of advanced visualization software, the user is provided with the help of advanced visualization software. More humanized, visualized and integrated services, distributed network image processing systems will be more and more recognized and applied by users.
Fourth, the hybrid architecture:
The so-called hybrid architecture generally has two or more splicers or splicing systems combined with the above three PCI-E bus architectures, embedded pure hardware architectures, and distributed network architectures.
For example: PCI bus + hardware backplane bus architecture is a combination of PCI bus architecture and pure hardware embedded architecture, its system control and image processing are independently implemented. The PCI bus is responsible for system control and runs the operating system in the background; the hardware backplane bus is responsible for image processing of food signals.
Through the hybrid architecture, it can be integrated and used to complement each other, greatly increasing the stability of the system, but the signal processing performance, system stability and reliability need to be improved. In general, in the field of splicers, hybrid architecture splicers Made a combination and trade-off in cost and performance, and won a place.
Conclusion:
The image splicer and the large-screen display unit and the large-screen control software form the core part of the large-screen display system. Only the image splicer with excellent performance can only guarantee the perfect processing of the front-end signal, and the final perfect screen display effect is obtained. Compatible large-screen control software and display unit can not be ignored, which requires more than just image processor, large-screen display unit and large-screen control software need to use the same brand, and all use targeted compatible design, in the guarantee system Compatibility also provides reliable security. The display unit, image controller and control software are the core parts of the whole large-screen system. If the products are integrated by different manufacturers, it is likely to cause technical compatibility problems, affect the realization of many important functions, and reduce the reliability and efficiency of the system. On the other hand, due to the involvement of multiple vendors, it is very likely that after-sales maintenance will affect the fault diagnosis and the timely supply of spare parts, and the system upgrade may not be consistent, reducing the scalability of the system.
Talking about image splicing processor in splicing large screen system
At present, image processors are basically divided into four categories: PCI bus architecture, embedded pure hardware architecture, distributed network architecture, and hybrid architecture.