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1. ACLED uses AC power to drive directly, subverting traditional applications
Whether it is home, business or public power, most of them are provided by alternating current (AC), mainly to avoid excessive loss of power transmission over long distances, and then to the use end by means of alternating current, so the electrical appliances must be designed. It is used as an AC drive, otherwise it will cause a short circuit due to voltage mismatch.
Traditional LEDs must be driven by direct current (DC). Therefore, when using general AC power as the power supply, a rectifier transformer must be used to convert the AC/DC to ensure the normal operation of the LED. The application has always emphasized the characteristics of LED power saving, but in the process of AC/DC conversion, there are actually 15 to 30% of power consumption, and the use is still not efficient; therefore, the LED can be directly driven by AC. A new idea.
Taiwan Industrial Technology Institute has successfully developed ACLED that can be used directly under AC 110V. It has been awarded the American R&D100 International Award in 2008 with its unique three-dimensional heat conduction and pluggable packaging technology. In addition to increasing the convenience of application, ACLED will set off a new revolutionary era for the development of the LED industry.
(1) ACLED takes advantage of the evolution of lighting sources
Traditional incandescent lamps have poor conversion of electro-optical efficiency and have environmental problems. Driven by the energy-saving and carbon-reducing trend, the world will be banned in 2010, and the era of LED lighting is not far away, but it still needs to be refined into white LED luminous efficiency. And thermal design.
LEDs generate heat when the current passes through the light, while DCLEDs generate more heat during the AC/DC conversion process, so the heat dissipation design will be the key to affecting the life of the LED. The general design is to directly solder the LED and the heat sink substrate together. When the LED light source is damaged, the entire base must be replaced. The ACLED developed by ITRI uses pluggable three-dimensional heat-conducting packaging technology. In addition to increasing the heat-conducting area, when the light source is worn out, it can be directly replaced by plugging and unplugging, which is more convenient than DCLED, and therefore special plug-in technology is obtained. The American R&D100 International Awards are sure.
Figure 1 Light source evolution and related application features Source
ACLED can be directly driven by AC drive through special circuit design, and it can operate normally without the need of rectifier transformer. Therefore, in the design of lighting fixtures, the volume and weight can be more advantageous than general DCLED lamps. However, due to the fact that the luminous efficiency is still worse than DCLED, the price is also relatively expensive, and it still takes a while to promote the application.
Table 1 LED light source characteristics comparison
(2) ACLED with pluggable package for easier use
ITRI ​​has two major technologies in the award-winning ACLED development, namely "High Efficiency Bridge ACLED Chip Technology" and "Low Thermal Resistance Stereo Thermal Pluggable LED Packaging Technology".
The bridge type ACLED chip technology mainly uses the design of the bridge rectifier circuit to convert the AC current into the DC current after being converted. In addition, the Institute also breaks through the micro-grain process technology and arranges in a single 1mm2 area. About 100 micro-grains are more effective in improving the luminous efficiency of the entire ACLED chip.
(1) ACLED lighting products are ready for mass production, and the backlight is still in the sample demonstration stage.
Since the ACLED can be directly connected by AC power, it is not necessary to use a separate rectifier transformer, and the development trend of application convenience cannot be ignored. At present, there are already emerging ACLED products on the market in Taiwan, mainly produced by LIQUIDLEDS, which is sold by ELSA. The specifications of the products are mainly 2W and 4W. The white light ACLED chip of Seoul Semiconductor of South Korea is used to dissipate heat with special liquid insulating oil. The light source is more evenly refracted by the light of the liquid. In the appearance, the glass package is more resistant to acid and alkali. .
III. Promote the ACLED industry by means of application research and development alliance
The traditional LED industry produces different light colors according to different epitaxial material processes. After standard type packaging, common LEDs such as bullet-type LEDs and SMD-type LEDs are produced. According to the characteristics required by the application side, the suitable LED is selected. For example, the backlight of the mobile phone needs a small LED, so most of the SMD type white LEDs are mainly used. The current industrial development is a vertical division of labor from top to bottom. Due to fierce market competition and lack of differentiation of commodities, the price is rapidly declining, which affects the operation of the manufacturers. Therefore, it is obvious that domestic and foreign manufacturers adopt vertical integration.
At present, most of the ACLEDs are based on the needs of the application end, and the unique package types are made according to different demand characteristics, and the products are more differentiated. Therefore, when the manufacturer obtains the patent of the unique application packaging technology, it is easier to gain a competitive advantage in the application market. This concept breaks the traditional LED standard package type, and can also eliminate the competition of manufacturers to break the price and compress the gross profit.
However, the popularity of ACLED applications will not completely replace the traditional DCLED application market, because portable products still need to rely on battery power, and the battery is DC output, so DCLED is still the most suitable choice when using LED. In terms of current market development, the global backlight production value is still the largest, especially in the mobile phone market and the LED NB and Netbook applications that are actively growing in 2009, it is obvious that DCLED has its unchangeable status.
Therefore, the future development trend of ACLED should focus on AC-driven products, such as lighting fixtures, TV backlights, entrance and exit indicators and architectural landscape lighting beautification applications. Manufacturers need to actively explore relevant application markets in order to achieve survival opportunities in the market with their differentiated packaging technologies and products.
Because the ACLED industry must actively expand the demand for applications, ITRI and the industry have jointly established the "ACLED Application R&D Alliance" in October 2008. At present, only the company and the Dingyuan have obtained the patent license of the ITRI in the middle and upper reaches. In terms of the first trial production, Fuhua first joined Lite-On and Gaoji to improve the packaging technology. At present, there are only lighting and backlight products on the application side, and there is still considerable room for development in the future.
IV. TRI opinion
ACLED is not an innovative technology, but ITRI's world's first hot-swappable ACLED is not only more energy-efficient than traditional DCLEDs and general bulbs in lighting applications, it is similar to the general bulb removal method, which is more than DCLED. More convenient. The concept of its three-dimensional heat dissipation package also effectively solves the problem of LED heat dissipation and improves the service life.
Due to the micro-grain process, the luminous efficiency of the ACLED is improved, and the use of a rectifier transformer is not required, which can greatly reduce the size of the light source, making the design problem and modeling of the lamp easier. The ACLED backlight for the 42-inch LCDTV was also sampled in the laboratory and failed to meet mass production standards. However, the successful example of ACLED for large-size backlight modules has motivated manufacturers to watch this market develop.
The Institute of Industrial Engineering, which owns this hot-swappable LED technology, has vertically integrated the development of the ACLED industry through patent licensing and technology transfer. Taiwan's ACLED is in a leading position in global patent distribution, and Seoul Semiconductor alone is the most active in Korea. With the development of ACLED application R&D alliance, ACLED technology will be used to obtain the best competitive advantage of the global LED industry in the future. 
ACLED technology will be the best competitive advantage for the global LED industry
In September 2008, Taiwan Industrial Technology Institute won the US R&D100Awards recognition for its "OnChipACLED Lighting Technology". In October 2008, we established the "ACLED Application R&D Alliance" in cooperation with manufacturers to actively distribute ACLED-related patents globally through vertical integration of the industry. With the characteristics that ACLED can operate directly under AC power, with the special plug-in heat dissipation package, it will bring impact to traditional LED lighting and related applications, and also create another innovative business opportunity for Taiwan LED manufacturers.