Abstract: Combining the actual needs of military integrated electronic information system and the characteristics of cloud computing, a platform model based on cloud computing is designed. The model integrates cloud computing related technologies such as OpenStack, Spark, and in-memory database into the system, and verifies the elastic scalability and computing processing capabilities of the model through data service performance testing and data scalability testing. The test results show that the model can better meet the needs of large-scale data storage, processing and service in the future battlefield.

0 Preface

With the rapid development of military modernization, war has already broken through the traditional model and developed into an all-round three-dimensional war of land, sea, air, space, and electricity. Under such battlefield conditions, how to efficiently and reliably control information rights will inevitably become a key factor for victory on the battlefield. With the explosive growth of the battlefield data scale and the continuous enrichment of data types, how the military integrated electronic information system collects and analyzes various battlefield information in real time and near real time is an effective technical support for obtaining the right to control information. However, the existing computing platform The limitation makes its computing service unable to expand flexibly, causing certain bottlenecks in data access and data calculation analysis. Cloud computing, which provides users with multiple resources through the network, makes it possible to solve the above-mentioned bottlenecks. Military experts predict that cloud computing will become an information strategy game without gunpowder in the new era and will dominate the new information era. War [1].

1 Cloud computing and related technologies

1.1 Basic concepts of cloud computing

Cloud computing is the product of parallel computing, distributed computing, grid computing, network storage, virtualization and other traditional computer technology and network technology development and integration. Cloud computing is an industrial model that integrates and abstracts IT resources and provides users with The general term for the technical system [2-3].

At the beginning of its development, there was no unified standard definition for cloud computing. The industry generally divides cloud computing into a collection of various "X as a Service" services. After summarizing various cloud computing definitions and descriptions including the above-mentioned understanding ideas, Peter Mell and Tim Grance of NIST proposed a widely recognized and supported cloud computing definition in April 2009. NIST definition: Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model that provides usable, convenient, and on-demand network access and enters a configurable shared pool of computing resources (resources include networks, servers, storage, and application software) , Services), these resources can be provided quickly, with little management effort or little interaction with service providers.

From the definition of NIST and subsequent developments, it can be seen that cloud computing is essentially a mode that can easily access a configurable shared computing resource pool on demand through the network, that is, a computing system composed of large-scale low-cost computing units connected through an IP network , Providing various computing and storage services including networks, servers, storage, applications and services. Although cloud computing is derived from traditional computer technology, compared with traditional computing technology, cloud computing shows a high degree of virtualization support, dynamic scalability of capabilities, dynamic customization of services on demand, sharing of powerful computing and storage resources, and high capabilities. Reliability and other characteristics [4]. The advantages of cloud computing technology, such as high performance, low cost, and smooth expansion, provide new technical means for computer IT technology, and nurture a large number of new business models. At present, it is not only an important means to reduce construction and maintenance costs, but also brings new opportunities for technological development, business innovation and management innovation.

1.2 Cloud computing related technologies

The focus of the cloud computing model is to provide various resources as services to users, mainly including three service models: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Application as a service. Service (Software as a Service, SaaS). IaaS encapsulates hardware equipment resources into services to provide users, PaaS encapsulates the development and operating environment as services and provides them to users, and SaaS mostly encapsulates certain specific application software functions into services. The use of cloud computing can quickly respond to changing needs, and is more conducive to the optimized utilization of resources and centralized management and control of cyberspace security. Among the three modes, the upper-layer service mode is more specific and the services provided are more targeted.

In the actual cloud computing deployment model, the following key technologies are involved:

(1) Cloud management platform

Cloud platforms are the product of the rapid development of cloud computing applications. Currently, the widely used open source cloud platforms mainly include OpenStack, CloudStack, Eucalyptus and OpenNebula. Considering factors such as functional integrity, scalability, and subsequent maintenance pressure and technical support, OpenStack is the most mature. It mainly contains three modules, Nova, Swift and Glance, which are used for calculation, storage and management respectively. OpenStack has verified its effectiveness in large-scale public and private cloud companies around the world. It has received support from many technology vendors including Intel, Microsoft, HP, Red Hat, etc., and has a strong technical backing. There are many successful cases in education and other industries.

(2) Big data processing framework

The big data processing framework is an important support for cloud computing to process a variety of complex data. Currently, Hadoop and Spark are the most widely used. The entire calculation process of the two is similar. First, the data to be processed is distributed to different nodes through the Map operation, and after the calculation is completed, the calculation results are collected through the Reduce operation. The most notable feature of Spark is that it stores the intermediate results in memory, and Hadoop stores the intermediate results in the HDFS file system, so Spark greatly reduces the memory access time.

(3) Memory database

The in-memory database is an important support for cloud computing to efficiently process multiple types of data. Currently, Memcached and Redis are widely used. Compared with traditional databases such as MySql, in-memory databases use the rich storage resources provided by cloud computing to periodically persist data in the memory without having to access data from the disk every time, thereby greatly increasing the data storage speed. Among them, Redis supports the construction of distributed clusters after version 3.0.0, which can automatically realize data fragmentation and data backup for each fragment, which greatly improves data reliability.

2 Models and applications of military cloud computing

2.1 System design principles

Based on the cloud computing-based military integrated electronic information system architecture, combining cloud computing related technologies, using existing open source tools, building an integrated cloud platform model. Our goal is to use the powerful scalability and elasticity of cloud computing to provide various types of computing and services. Therefore, we use cloud computing and its plug-in methods to build a Spark cluster service that can be quickly deployed. Through platform construction, the goal is to effectively improve the performance and functional indicators of the system.

The system framework design based on the cloud computing platform focuses on the design from the following perspectives:

(1) Reliability and availability

The reliability of the system includes three aspects: overall reliability, data reliability and single device reliability. The distributed architecture of the cloud platform improves the reliability of the overall system and reduces the system's requirements for the reliability of a single device.

The availability of the system is reflected by the characteristics of redundancy, high-availability clusters, and loose coupling between applications and underlying equipment. The availability of the overall system is fully guaranteed from the aspects of hardware equipment redundancy, link redundancy, and application fault tolerance.

(2) Security

In military information systems, security is the top priority, especially in some highly sensitive business scenarios, where security is the primary consideration. Therefore, the cloud computing system framework needs to have a good security design, and ensure the security of the cloud computing data center through security protection, focusing on ensuring network security, host security, virtualization security, and data protection.

(3) Advancement

Reasonably use the technological advancement and concept advancement of cloud computing to highlight the value that cloud computing brings to customers. Adopt advanced technologies and models such as virtualization and dynamic resource deployment, and combine them with services to ensure the effectiveness and applicability of advanced technologies and models. Adopt the industry's mainstream open source cloud platform framework OpenStack, fully integrate into the industry ecology, realize the independence of hardware and software vendors, and maximize the investment in resource pool construction.

(4) Scalability

Various resources supporting cloud computing need to be elastically scaled according to the workload requirements of business applications, and the infrastructure of the information system should be loosely coupled with the business system. Ensure that when the capacity of the business system is expanded, the flexible expansion of the system can be realized only by adding a corresponding number of IT hardware equipment.

2.2 System framework based on cloud computing

Facing the big data challenge of modern information warfare, cloud computing technology is used as a data processing method to realize the dynamic adjustment of the military information system's demand for computing resources, meet the demand for efficient processing of massive battlefield data, and deal with the processing of information carried by each combat unit Processing requirements. Upgrade military information systems to meet the new needs of modern warfare.

According to the design principles described in 2.1, the platform model design based on cloud computing is shown in Figure 1.

(1) Physical storage layer

An independent physical storage layer is used to achieve persistent storage and backup of data. In the process of data persistence, an independent physical layer can store data in a relational database or HDFS distributed storage system without being affected by cloud platforms and various applications. Through a unified data storage and access control mechanism, While ensuring data security, it can meet the high efficiency and stability requirements of military integrated electronic information systems for data access.

Physical storage on which massive data query, storage and analysis depend. It can process and store structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data to meet the loading and storage of various configurations, logs, web pages, audio and video, social and other multi-source easy-to-buy data. Perform unified management, scheduling and usage control of various resources, and perform quota management on physical storage. HDFS can adopt multiple copy strategies to ensure data security and reliability, and configure NoSQL databases such as Hbase for indexing on HDFS. Meet the low-cost storage of massive data, and provide basic support for the storage and use of massive data for a long time.

(2) Cloud platform layer

The cloud platform layer distinguishes data access, business logic, and various applications from bottom to top. Among them, various applications include combat command systems, radar systems, satellite systems, information management systems and other military applications, and basic algorithm libraries Provide algorithm support for information processing and image processing for a variety of applications; business logic is mainly responsible for analyzing user requests and processing data obtained from the physical storage layer. This article is based on OpenStack and its plug-in Sahara to quickly build and deploy a Spark cluster, the entire cluster The construction and deployment can be completed within 1 minute by simply setting the cluster parameters, so as to realize the flexible expansion capability of the system, that is, when large-scale data calculation and analysis are required, the Spark cluster is quickly built for data calculation and analysis, and other types of services are required. Quickly dismantle the Spark cluster and release all kinds of resources; data access realizes unified data access of independent physical layer.

The data access layer of the cloud platform can realize diversified data access methods, and perform processing in a variety of persistent methods for various data access requirements. Use different methods for data access and persistence of database data, real-time data, file data, picture data, log data, audio and video data, etc.

The data computing service is above the data access layer, using unified computing resource management and scheduling, dynamic business deployment and calculation, and providing efficient query, analysis, statistics and other computing capabilities for each upper-layer application. Further optimize the stability and memory management of open source Spark to improve system Spark performance. To ensure the robustness of various data processing, while meeting the scalability requirements, it can be applied to complex processing business scenarios of various real-time data.

The application layer can be divided into real-time applications and offline applications according to its real-time performance. Data processing applications are performed based on various streaming and offline processing strategies, and the classification is processed. The subsequent cloud platform can be deployed and expanded through the interface. Meet the requirements of rapid deployment and rapid response of the system.

The notable feature of the cloud computing-based platform model designed in this paper is that it can provide high-performance flexible computing services and data services. By using memory database clusters, military integrated electronic information systems can quickly access battlefield big data requirements; through rapid construction and dismantling Spark clusters can quickly convert multiple types of resources into computing services, realize data analysis and calculation, and quickly release multiple types of resources after the calculation is completed, providing resource support for other services.

2.3 Applicability of Cloud Computing Framework

Currently, the military information system adopts a model that needs to be rebuilt. The lack of unified planning and operation has led to many isolated nodes in the current system, and there are great difficulties in business interconnection and data sharing. With the continuous deepening of military construction, the requirements for system functionality, integrity, and centralization have become increasingly urgent. At the same time, the scale of the existing military information system is getting bigger and bigger, putting huge pressure on construction and maintenance. In addition, the construction period is long, and it is difficult to meet sudden demands in a timely manner, which affects the development of the entire military system. With the development of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, military information systems evolve from a "network center" to a "data center and a "knowledge center", forming a flexible, dynamic and flexible system platform, so that the military information system will be networked and intelligent. Direction evolution.

Cloud computing, as an efficient technology that responds to the massive data processing needs of modern warfare, can effectively improve the information storage, processing, and processing capabilities of military information systems through system construction, and strengthen the security, agility, and scalability of military systems . Cloud computing can maximize the benefits of scale, which is in line with the professional development trend of the future combat force system. Cloud computing effectively concentrates all kinds of resources, provides corresponding service capabilities for each demander through services, unifies the demanding side from high-difficulty, low-efficiency, and repetitive maintenance work, and improves the use efficiency of professional computing resources. Cloud computing is fundamentally Strengthening and upgrading the resource processing capabilities of military information systems is an inevitable requirement for the military to enhance the agility of military information systems.

The application of cloud computing technology in military systems can bring many advantages, as follows:

(1) Streamline IT resources and reduce operation and maintenance costs

Utilize cloud data center for unified resource management and unified operation and maintenance management platform to reduce maintenance costs and contribute to net profit from reducing costs.

(2) Flexible response to business and information system needs, shortening the business launch cycle

The virtual resource construction mode of cloud computing can realize the business use mode of one-time planning, multiple deployments, and on-demand distribution, reducing planning difficulty, avoiding construction risks, and adjusting the business in the military information system at any time through a convenient expansion and reduction mechanism Use requirements to match changes in business or military information systems.

(3) Use the high reliability of cloud computing to ensure the continuity of core business

Through cloud computing HA, FT, and hot migration functions, it can effectively reduce equipment failure time, ensure the continuity of core business, and avoid business unavailability caused by single-point failures in traditional information systems.

(4) Energy saving and emission reduction, optimizing resource utilization

Cloud computing technology has the advantages of easy expansion and easy replacement of equipment. The application of cloud computing technology can effectively increase the resource reuse rate of information systems, avoid the chimney-like development phenomenon that exists in the traditional military information system construction process, and improve resource utilization Low status quo.

2.4 Application direction of cloud computing framework

Cloud computing technology has brought subversive technological changes to the construction of information systems. Subversive progress has been made in various application modes, and cloud computing technology has its characteristics suitable for information warfare. At present, all military powers in the world regard cloud computing technology as an important starting point for advancing the transformation of military informatization, and it is widely used in combat command, military training, and security and security.

2.4.1 Cloud computing and combat command

In the current process of military information system construction, to meet the complex requirements of information systems in the form of information warfare, extremely high requirements are placed on the real-time processing capabilities of information. Military information application systems require efficient processing and scheduling of information in various aspects such as information collection, information management, and resource scheduling.

Cloud computing technology provides a more effective processing method for the situation display under the conditions of information warfare. The dynamic and visual situation display method relies on the battlefield weather, hydrology, geology and other natural environment information, based on the perception of the strength of friendly and enemy forces The distribution, firepower configuration, weapon equipment, and movement status are highly integrated to provide information support for commanders to make decisions on coordinated operations against the enemy. In the data processing environment based on cloud computing, the battlefield data information collected by various sensors is aggregated to the "cloud" through the network, relying on the powerful cloud computing center and server group to undertake all the computing tasks, which can complete the matching in an instant The processing of ultra-large-scale data traffic realizes real-time and rapid battlefield intelligence fusion, real-time perception of battlefield situation, and real-time assessment of threat levels.

2.4.2 Cloud Computing and Military Training

Military training is the main task of the military in a state of non-war. Because the military training system gradually constructed at different times, by different departments and according to different requirements, is disconnected from each other and has many “chimneys”. There is a huge gap in the interconnection, intercommunication and interoperability of training systems. The emergence of cloud computing methods provides a good opportunity to break the current situation of military training systems fighting on their own.

Relying on cloud computing, it is possible to build a "cloud" of military training content systems suitable for multiple services and arms, and different types of military training. Departments participating in training can use computer networks to get rid of the shackles of incompatible training systems and standards, and enter the training "cloud" anytime, anywhere , Realize various training contents in the "cloud" from basic skills training to multi-arms actual combat exercises. At the same time, military units distributed in different regions can get rid of the limitations of regions, relying on the cloud computing center to build a panoramic training environment, get rid of the traditional cross-departmental and cross-arms military training complex and cumbersome organization and operation mode, and truly realize various combat units. The organic aggregation of these combat elements provides a solid platform support for integrated joint training.

Using the network training platform constructed by cloud computing, training units can simplify the training terminal to the greatest extent, reduce the maintenance cost of the training system, avoid the repeated construction of software and hardware equipment, promote the standardization and compatibility of training equipment through cloud computing, and improve training benefits the goal of. At present, the development of an integrated training system based on cloud computing has become the only way for the military training system to continue to promote the construction of training information.

3 New problems facing cloud computing

3.1 Security issues of cloud computing

Academician Shen Changxiang pointed out that the seven major security issues facing cloud computing are data loss/leakage, sharing technology vulnerabilities, vendor reliability is not easy to evaluate, weak identity authentication mechanism, insecure application program interface, incorrect use of cloud computing and unknown risks , Which shows that the cloud security situation is more serious than the previous information system problems. In the military field, the special attributes of military applications lead to a high degree of confidentiality and diverse application types in military applications. The security requirements are more stringent than civil applications. With the development of technology, the technological change of cloud computing technology in the field of management will lead to changes in system security issues. Traditional communication security, equipment, and information system applications will transition to cloud computing architecture-oriented information. The stage of security assurance. At present, security issues have become an urgent issue that affects the deepening application of cloud computing in the military field.

The security of cloud computing in military applications can be divided into two parts. The first is the overall security of the cloud computing architecture described above to ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system, thereby ensuring the stability of military applications at the bottom layer and consolidating information system operations. Effectiveness basis to improve relevant combat effectiveness. The second is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of various data in the cloud computing platform, and to ensure the stability and security of military applications.

At present, based on the scale expansion and deployment complexity of cloud computing, the risk of system security has increased. New research content has been proposed for system security mechanisms and security strategies. There is an urgent need to build a safe, confidential, complete, and usable cloud computing environment. , To ensure the deployment of applications based on cloud computing in the military field, and promote the deep integration of cloud computing and military applications.

3.2 The reliability of cloud computing

Through the deep integration of the cloud platform and the traditional military information system, the reliability, scalability, and usability of the whole system can be improved. The cloud platform has advanced resource management methods, and advanced management technologies such as virtualization technology, HA, load balancing, and resource scheduling will meet Leading to the dynamic migration of systems in the upper military field, there is currently no research on whether the deployment and application of cloud platforms affect the reliability of military systems for long-term operations.

In addition, the cloud platform itself, as a complex system, does not affect the overall reliability of the cloud platform, the probability of local failures is relatively high, such as single node failure, network failure, status monitoring failure, and time system failure. There is no relevant research on the impact of platform internal failures on the operation of application systems in the military field. This is about the long-term operation of the military application system based on the cloud platform, and it is essential for the demonstration of the military application system based on the cloud platform.

4 Conclusion

This article first introduces cloud computing and its related technologies, as well as the development status of cloud computing in the military field, and then combines the actual needs of military integrated electronic information systems to design a cloud computing-based platform model. The model is based on cloud computing and its plug-in method to build a rapidly deployable Spark cluster service, and analyzes the applicability and application direction of the cloud computing platform's framework. Analyzed the new problems facing cloud computing, especially the problems facing security and reliability. In the follow-up work, follow-up research will be carried out on architecture and security issues and reliability issues based on the system characteristics of integrated cloud computing in the military field.

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