IGBT Module
High short circuit capability, self limiting short circuit current
IGBT Module,900A IGBT Module,short tail current IGBT Module,Fast switching IGBT Module YANGZHOU POSITIONING TECH CO., LTD. , https://www.yzpst.com
1 national store lighting features
Countries have their own characteristics in the method of specifying the illuminance value required for store lighting. It can be roughly divided into two categories: simple and detailed.
(1) Simple class
1 Germany DIN5035 only lists the illuminance values ​​of department stores, supermarkets and window displays, which are required to reach 500lx, 750lx and 1000lx on the 0.85m level.
2 Australian AS1680-1976 only proposes the illumination value of general lighting and merchandise display in the store. The former is required to reach 300 lx on the 0.85 m horizontal plane, while the latter only proposes to increase the local illumination, and no specific value is proposed.
3 British CIBS 1984 stipulates that regular sales methods and supermarkets are classified, but the illuminance values ​​are required to be 500lx. The difference is that the former refers to the 0.8m horizontal plane; the latter refers to the 1.5m high vertical plane.
(2) Detailed class
1 Japan JISZ9110 (1979) not only divides the lighting of the business hall into four parts of the general lighting, general display, key display and window display in the store, but also according to the nature of the store (such as the Japanese miscellaneous, super city taste department store, etc.) Different illumination ranges. The proportion of illumination in the four sections is slightly different in different stores, such as department store 1:2:3:6. Some stores also specify different illuminance values ​​depending on the floor (large department store) and the location of the store (supermarket in the city center or suburbs). The illuminance values ​​are based on the 0.85m horizontal plane.
2 Another example of this type is the United States, which is characterized by not considering the nature of the store at all, but only considering the different functional requirements in the business hall, dividing it into a mobile area (area that is not exhibited, selected and sold), and sales. The district (including counters, shelves and areas for customers to evaluate, provocatively purchase goods), special exhibitions (exhibiting new and special products, attracting customers' attention), window displays, etc., and different illuminance ranges are specified. The illuminance ratio of these four parts is 1:3:15:20. In 1966, it was sold by way (ie, clerk service or self-acquisition). In 1976, it was changed to the speed of the transaction process (ie, the customer’s familiarity with the goods). ) to determine a value in the specified illumination range. Illuminance is measured in terms of the plane in which the product is placed, either as a horizontal plane or as a vertical or other inclined surface.
China JGJ16-1983 "Technical Regulations for Building Electrical Design" is divided into three categories according to the type of store, and the illuminance value of 50~200lx is specified in the horizontal plane of 0.8m. The "Civil Building Lighting Design" is divided into two categories according to the type of store, and it is required to achieve an illumination value of 75 to 200 lx on a horizontal surface of 0.8 m. Both documents stipulate that the vertical shelf illumination should not be less than 50lx.
In summary, the lighting standards of store lighting in different countries are very different in the format. As for the specific illuminance value, most countries use the 0.8~0.85m horizontal plane as the reference surface for the specified illuminance value. Such a height can be regarded as a countertop. The requirements for foreign countries are roughly between 150lx (the Japanese low limit) and 200lx (the Soviet low limit) at 1000lx (the high limit of Japan and the United States).
2 Status of domestic store lighting
In order to understand the current situation of China's store lighting, 137 stores with high lighting levels in 10 large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were surveyed. The total average value of the measured illuminance of the store is: shelf (vertical surface height 1.5m) 140lx, walkway (ground) 123lx, counter (0.8~1.0m horizontal plane) 173lx. It can be seen that the illumination of the aisle has reached the medium level of the US mobile zone, but the illumination of the plane (shelf, counter) of the commodity is lower than half of the minimum value specified by the US sales zone. This illuminance distribution is very unfavorable for customers to view the goods, because a considerable number of goods are placed on the vertical surface that people see most, and special consideration should be given. At present, only the illumination of the horizontal plane is paid attention to in the store lighting, and the vertical surface illumination is neglected, which is not conducive to the exhibition of goods, and also affects the sales speed and economic benefits. Although quite a lot of stores use a lot of electricity, but customers still can't see the goods, it is reasonable to have different illuminance requirements for different functions. It is necessary to consider the corresponding provisions for different surface positions. This facilitates the distribution of luminous flux, energy conservation, and efficiency as needed. After the renovation of the lighting facilities of some old stores at home and abroad, this has achieved good economic benefits. For example, in a food store in Germany, the original lamps were evenly arranged in the canopy of the store in the general way. The illumination of the customer circulation area reached 700lx, and the illumination of the shelf was only 300~400lx. After the renovation, the former was reduced to 250~300lx, and the latter was increased to 750~850lx. This not only increases the turnover by 10% to 20%, but also saves lighting facilities by 20%. Wuhan Limin Non-staple Food Store is also a representative of similar cases. Explain that illuminance by function is reasonable and effective.
In the store survey, we asked customers and store staff for advice on lighting. The statistical results show that the illuminance values ​​of the containers (shelves) of the stores that are considered to be more satisfactory are more than 100 lx; ​​and the illuminance of the containers (shelves) with poor reflections are all below 70 lx.
The range of all illuminance values ​​is divided into different levels according to the importance of the store as specified in the "Code for the Design of Stores", and different illuminance requirements are classified according to it. This will better reflect the economic situation of our country. The actual survey of the store lighting status also shows that the difference between the unemployed is not large, the difference is mainly reflected in the size of the city, as shown in Table 1, Table 2.
Industry department illumination (lx) unit area power aisle shelf container surface W/m 2 gold clothing, cloth department store, optional shopping mall, pharmacy, hardware tea shop, miscellaneous book, stationery 153 126 149 89 131 41 156 103 219 144 164 123 147 147 78 212 110 264 176 175 144 135 167 98 220 147 25.6 18.2 16.4 19.1 16.8 21.3 16.8 17.9 19.4 Total 123 140 173 The total average value of the illuminance values ​​measured at the top, middle and bottom of the shelf. Table 1 Comparison of the average illuminance values ​​of shops in different industries Table 2 shows that the difference in the size of the city will also affect the quality of the store lighting, of course, this also includes the speed of the transformation of the old store. In this respect, the big cities always go ahead, and the level of lighting after the renovation is definitely a big step forward, so it is necessary to consider the location and importance of the store.
City Name Illumination (lx) Unit Area Power Aisle Shelf Container W/m 2 Chongqing Kunming Xiangtan 116 224 84 53 141 263 79 50 151 289 120 77 20.94 22.93 10.5 7.5 Table 2 Comparison of Average Illumination Values ​​of Different City Stores
In terms of dividing functional partitions, foreign countries mostly highlight kitchen windows, and they all give high illumination values. Taking into account China's economic conditions, power supply and the status quo of the store, the "Store Building Design Code" does not list the kitchen window separately, but lists it with the key display, giving it a higher illumination.
There are two types of planes in the sales area. The first type is the horizontal plane of 0.9m from the area, which represents the height of the countertop. Although this is inconsistent with the CIE regulations, it is very close to the average of 0.8 to 1.0m in China. In addition, a vertical shelf of 1.5m height is specified, which is the same in all countries. It is the most accessible position of the shelf and the best height for the eyes to see naturally.
The fitting room is the place where the customer finally decides whether to purchase the product, so it should have a higher illuminance than the sales area, in order to more carefully appreciate the details of the product. The United States is divided into two parts, the dressing room and the dressing mirror. The former gives illumination lower than the sales area, while the latter gives illumination close to the special display area. China's fitting room is generally small, it is unlikely to be divided into two parts, to help harmonize the illumination of the sales area and the display cabinet window, and to specify the dressing person (in order to clearly see the whole body) off the ground 1.5 Vertical illuminance at m.
The collection office should carry out a large amount of cash and bill work, require a concentrated work spirit, and do not allow errors. Generally, a higher illumination is required. In Japan, regardless of the store's cashier, the same illuminance value is used, and its value is higher than the general lighting value in the store. Russia has similar regulations. Domestically, the illuminance value of the first grade is higher than the sales area.
Another store of special nature is the indoor vegetable market (the interior is distinguished from the common vegetable market with no walls or walls in the south, which is dominated by natural light and rarely runs at night). The products in the indoor vegetable market are large in volume and have a large volume of transactions. The products are basically placed on the horizontal shelf, and the quantity of lighting is not high. Australia has a channel of 100 lx and a counter of 300 lx (same as the general lighting of the store). Domestic is the illuminance value of the general store flow area.
Since the store (supermarket) is different from the general store in terms of its sales method, display method and arrangement, most countries list it separately, give higher illumination requirements, and also specify the illumination plane. In the "Store Architectural Lighting Design", the illuminance value higher than the general store is also specified.
The warehouse is functionally related to the sales area, but the illumination requirements are lower. The United States stipulates that warehouse lighting is 1 to 3 lower than the sales area; Russia has a lower level of 4. Considering that the busyness of the store's filial piety is very different (there is a separate warehouse attached to the business hall, there is a separate warehouse set up separately), and considering that the domestic warehouse often has natural light for supplementation, it takes a lower value than The sales area is 4 levels lower, and the goods are generally placed on the shelf, so the calculation plane is set at a uniform height of 0.75m horizontal plane.
1 2 Next Page 
IGBT CHIP(Trench+ Field Stop technology)
VCE(sat) with positive temperature coefficient
Fast switching and short tail current, Low switching losses
Free wheeling diodes with fast and soft reverse recovery
Temperature sense included