The dotted line in the figure is an increase. The increase is related to the power consumption of the IC, the IC density, the feed mode, the ground resistance (R), and the total ground current of the feed. ΔV ground = ΔI & TImes; ΔR

a) The IC output pin passes through the printed conductor or cable to the input pin of another IC. The output low-level current causes a low level rise on the printed conductor or cable resistance. The value is ΔVOL=IOL&TImes;R . See the dotted line above in the figure.

Obviously, the low level rise is related to the printed wire resistance value and the output low level current, as shown in the following figure: The low level of point B is higher than the low level of point A.

Note: When the IC output pin is low, if the device is not a driver, but a general device, since the output low level current is too large, much larger than the value given in the device manual, the output transistor will exit the saturation region and enter the work. Zone, making the output low level a lot higher. As shown in the upper dotted line in the following figure:

Termination resistance size

Output tube saturation depth

Output tube beta value

b) The IC output pin passes through the printed conductor or cable to the input pin of another IC. The output high level current causes a high level decrease on the printed conductor or cable resistance. The value is ΔVOH=IOH&TImes; R, See the dotted line below the high level in the figure below:

IOH is determined by the following factors: termination mode, termination level, termination resistor size

R is determined by the following factors: line width, line thickness, line length

Obviously, the low level is related to the printed wire or cable resistance and the output high level current, as shown in the following figure:

The high level of point B is lower than the high level of point A.

Note: When the IC output pin is high, if the device is not a driver but a general device, the output tube will exit the saturation region because the output high level current is too large, which is much larger than the value given in the device manual. The working area makes the output high level much lower. As shown by the next dotted line in the following figure:

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