It is no doubt that new energy vehicles will be the development trend of future automobiles. We can also see from the planning of future car models for major car companies that new energy vehicles occupy a very important position. However, what type of new energy vehicles “lead” the future world is not very easy to say.

There are two types of hydrogen fuel cell models and pure electric models that are developing rapidly. It is Japanese automakers who tirelessly researched and vigorously promoted hydrogen fuel cell models. Why do Japanese auto companies love hydrogen fuel cell models? Hydrogen fuel cell models really can pk off pure electric models?

1. Japanese car companies love fuel cell vehicles

Toyota and Honda, the two major Japanese companies, have studied hydrogen fuel cell vehicles earlier.

As early as the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, Honda demonstrated its fuel cell vehicles. Since then, several test vehicles have been introduced from 1999 to 2001 to prepare for mass production.

In 2002, Honda officially launched the fuel cell model, FCX. The three-door fuel cell model was leased in California and Japan. It is also the world’s first officially certified hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.

In 2008, Honda upgraded FCX's technologies and officially named the car FCXClarity. Its cruising range reached 372km and the market also expanded to Europe.

Unfortunately, the hydrogen fuel cell model did not become a substitute for the fuel vehicle. Instead, it suffered various obstacles. The biggest problem was that there was no hydrogen refueling station. So it didn't develop like a pure electric car. The 2nd generation FCXClarity stopped production in 2014.

Honda, a well-known technology paranoid, did not live up to its title and has been studying hydrogen fuel cell technology.

However, Honda is not alone in the battle. Toyota Motor Corporation introduced the Mirai hydrogen fuel cell model with a range of 500km in 2015.

Toyota also disclosed more than 5,000 core patents, including patents for fuel cells and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. Global auto companies can use these patents free of charge until the end of 2020. This is also to promote the vigorous development of the entire industrial chain.

Honda also launched a fuel cell car named Clarity Fuel Cell in 2016, which lasted for 750km.

In addition to Honda and Toyota, Suzuki recently launched the BURGMAN Fuel-Cell, a hydrogen fuel cell scooter.

2. Can the fuel cell model pk out of the pure electric vehicle?

Let's first look at the working principle of the fuel cell model. Hydrogen fuel cell models use hydrogen as a fuel to generate electricity by chemically reacting with hydrogen in the air, which drives the vehicle.

The mission of a hydrogen fuel cell is to generate electricity. It cannot store electricity on its own. It is still the motor that drives the vehicle forward.

Advantages: zero emissions, long battery life, short hydrogenation time

The working principle has led to its advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that the vehicle emits a combination of hydrogen and oxygen, water, so it is equivalent to zero emissions. As long as the hydrogen fuel is enough, it can run all the time, so its cruising range will be longer than that of a pure electric vehicle.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have a very short hydrogenation time, and the Honda Clarity can be hydrogenated in 3 minutes. Even Tesla's super charging station can't beat this speed.

Disadvantages: low efficiency, safety issues, fewer hydrogen refueling stations

The disadvantages are also very obvious. The working principle that we just mentioned is only a simplified working principle. It will be very complicated to really go inside the car. Hydrogen fuels must combine with oxygen and react to produce electricity. Electric energy drives the vehicle, and after power generation-transmission-charge-driven, there is a lot of loss of performance.

Many people think this is a waste of resources. Tesla’s boss Elon Musk once said that this model is “extremelysilly (very stupid)”.

Of course, these are not the most critical issues for hydrogen fuel cell models. The problem is that hydrogen is unstable and its density is very low. Therefore, safe and reliable high-pressure containers are required for storage.

For example, the hydrogen of the Honda Clarity model comes from two high-pressure hydrogen tanks with a volume of 24L and 117L, respectively, and the internal pressure is 70 MPa (the most common pressure vessel is 10 MPa). They are located below and behind the rear seats.

Everyone knows that high-pressure hydrogen tanks are very easy to explode. This is equivalent to walking with two bombs in the street.

In order to ensure the safety of hydrogen tanks, Honda adopted aluminum linings, added carbon fiber reinforced plastic layers, and made full protection measures. Even if there is a leak, hydrogen gas will be released to the outside through the pipeline.

If there is a collision, a hydrogen sensor is also installed in the vehicle and the hydrogen source will be cut off for the first time. However, this does not alleviate the concerns of consumers. The popularity of electric vehicles has not been too successful until now, let alone the hydrogen tanks that will explode.

The last disadvantage is also a fatal disadvantage, the hydrogen station. Just as the scarcity of charging stations has been criticized by everyone, hydrogen fuel cell models also require hydrogen stations. The cost of building a hydrogen station is expensive, and the transportation and preservation of hydrogen is a problem. Charging stations can also use off-the-shelf power grids, while hydrogen refueling stations need to start from scratch.

3. Why should Japanese cars develop vigorously?

It seems that hydrogen fuel cell models are difficult to popularize. Why do Japanese companies have to develop vigorously? There are many reasons, one of which is determined by the industry. Two of the world's three major hydrogen energy companies are based in Japan. The development of hydrogen fuel cell models has good research results as a basis.

At present, Japanese car makers will continue to go on hydrogen fuel cell models in the future. In the United States, GM and Honda have partnered to establish a factory in Michigan that will introduce the next generation of propulsion systems for fuel cell vehicles.

In Japan, Honda researched and developed a high-pressure water electrolysis type hydrogen production station that can produce hydrogen with a pressure of 70 MPa by using only water and solar panels.

The hydrogen plant covers an area of ​​only about 6m2, but it can produce 2.5kg of hydrogen at a pressure of 70MPa within 24 hours to provide hydrogen services for the Honda Clarity model.

Not long ago, 11 companies, including Honda, Nissan, and Toyota, had signed a memorandum of understanding. By 2020, 160 new hydrogen fuel stations will be installed around Japan to help expand Japan's fuel cell (car) market.

Editor's comment: From the perspective of the current development trend, hydrogen fuel cell models are not as good as pure electric models. Most car companies that are keen to study also come from Japan. Now that Japanese car companies are going to work together, we will see if they can replace fuel vehicles and become the future direction of development.

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