In the development history of the loudspeaker for more than one hundred years, material selection, process flow and structural form have been changing different materials and quality to create different sound characteristics, and also have their own advantages and disadvantages. Paper cone diaphragm The paper cone diaphragm appeared at the earliest time and is the most common speaker diaphragm material. It has a very mature technical level. The production process is roughly as follows, the pulp is poured into the designed mold, and after drying, a series of subsequent processing is performed. The specific material composition, proportion, and processing method are different for each brand and belong to their trade secrets. The sound characteristics of this diaphragm are smooth and natural, and there are few distinctive and stimulating parts that meet the tastes of most people. The paper cone diaphragm can quickly absorb the sound energy during the transmission due to the interweaving of the internal fibers, so the damping characteristics are ideal. In addition, the paper cone has the advantages of light weight and high energy conversion efficiency. The disadvantage is that the paper cone is sensitive to temperature and humidity, and is affected by the environment. It may undergo irreversible deformation after several extreme environmental changes. However, as technology advances, the water resistance of the paper cone will get better and better. Plastic diaphragm Also known as PP sound cone, generally made of polypropylene material, is also a common diaphragm material, its moisture-proof and waterproof effect outweighs many paper cone diaphragms, but it will also be slightly affected. The PP cone also has excellent damping characteristics, and the sense of hearing is soft and natural, but the rigidity is relatively general, and the high frequency is easy to produce distortion. Because it is a chorus material, the PP cone is convenient for later improvement. For example, on the existing basis, it can be achieved by adding other materials to overcome some shortcomings. Metal diaphragm The metal diaphragm is generally made of aluminum or its alloy material. It has distinctive sound characteristics, outstanding performance in terms of dynamics and analytical power, and good control of distortion. However, the damping characteristics of the metal diaphragm are relatively weak, and the high frequency is prone to "metal sound" (ie, the phenomenon of pot splitting at the high frequency end), but it can be lifted by applying a special coating on the surface of the diaphragm. In addition, the metal diaphragm has more design requirements on the circuit, which will inevitably increase the cost. Synthetic diaphragm The material of the synthetic fiber diaphragm is transplanted from aviation military materials. It is light in weight, has high strength and rigidity, and has the characteristics of various other materials. It is high in manufacturing cost and is generally found in advanced speakers. The damping characteristics of the synthetic fiber diaphragm still need to be strengthened, which can be achieved by the current interlayer or film coating. In addition to the above four kinds of diaphragms, there are also horn diaphragms made of graphite fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, bakelite, etc., but they are not widely used and are rarely seen in the market. In fact, the sound characteristics of different speakers have different requirements on the diaphragm material. The diaphragm materials of the tweeter and the woofer are different. The tweeter is divided into three categories: hard dome, soft dome and composite dome. Hard dome It is made of light metal such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, and is formed by ultra-thin alloy platinum. The surface is chemically treated, and the tone is bright and transparent, and has high resolution. Soft dome With a silky soft film, the tone is delicate and soft, and the expression is strong. Composite film dome It is made up of a composite film of several materials, for example, a composite film of "Sijuan + Aluminum Film". This kind of tweeter has both the bright sound quality and resolution of the hard dome, and the natural smoothness and clear sense of the softness of the soft ball top. At present, the common tweeter materials mainly include titanium film, silk film, pv film, etc., and multimedia speakers mostly use pv film and silk film. It is generally believed that the latter's high-pitched performance is better than the former. The materials for making the woofer mainly include paper cones, ceramic basins, bulletproof fabrics, wool basins, and polypropylene. Paper cone It has the advantages of rigid and soft, high internal damping, easy to mix with other materials, natural tone and full bass, but the moisture resistance is poor, and it is difficult to control consistency during manufacturing. Because of the low cost, it is widely used in multimedia speakers of 300 yuan. Ceramic basin The performance of vocals and classical music is very delicate. The mid-bass is very transient, full and powerful, with good dynamic performance, excellent bass and accurate positioning. Suitable for expressing the appeal and shock of a surging movie source. Bulletproof cloth basin (woven basin) It has a wide frequency response and low distortion, can withstand more power, can produce warm, natural intermediate frequency and deep, fierce low frequency, good transient, play great dynamic music effect is very good, you are those who have an explosion The choice of scenes, fierce fighting and other heavy players, can show the kind of paper pot or other general material speakers can not match the majestic momentum. The disadvantage is that the manufacturing process is complicated, the cost is high, and the performance is poor when playing light music. Wool fiber basin Made of wool fiber in the pulp, the texture is slightly soft, the performance of soft music is very good, the human voice is rich and natural, and when listening to melodious music such as symphony, it gives people the feeling of being there. However, the bass performance is not good, not suitable for rock and roll. PP basin Good consistency, low distortion, excellent performance in all aspects, wide range of applications, but high price, mainly used for high-end speakers. WOODWORKING TOOLS
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At present, the popular speaker diaphragms on the market are made of paper cones, plastics, metals and synthetic fibers. 
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