In the practice of foreign trade, the production of documents and issuers usually have exporters, commodity inspection agencies of exporting countries, etc. The shipping companies and importers are generally required to be in English or Chinese and English.
Common foreign trade documents are:

1. Contract (CONTRACT)
CONTRACT is a collective name and can be issued by both buyers and sellers. If it is made by the seller, it can be called SALES CONFIRMATION, and if it is issued by the buyer, it can be called PURCHASED CONFIRMATION. In addition to the same elements as the domestic sales contract such as the name of the buyer and the seller, the time and place of signing, the name of the goods to be traded, the payment method, and the liability for breach of contract, it is also possible to attach terms based on the characteristics of different products. In addition, formal foreign trade contracts often have more detailed stipulations, such as the requirements for the issuance of letters of credit under the conditions of letters of credit, and various rules for force majeure.
For bulk cargoes that are prone to shortages during loading, unloading, storage and transportation processes, such as minerals, grain and agricultural by-products, etc., the contract often includes “overloading and short-loading” clauses, that is, there are some marginal differences in the total amount and amount of contracts. The final settlement is based on the actual delivery volume. For example, "5%MOREORLESSALLOWED", that is, more or less than 5% allowed to pay. In theory, the contract should be "in duplicate, with each party holding a signed copy of the original as a proof," and it can be implemented in foreign trade practice with less rigor. The general facsimile is also necessary as a memorandum. More still depends on commercial credit, as well as advance payment, letter of credit and other substantive control measures. The contract itself is not important. It is precisely because of this that customers in some countries have even made fixed contracts and left behind such clauses as “effective after the letter of credit was issued”, further weakening the binding force of the contract and distributing it everywhere as an inquiry tool. When you come across such a contract, you don't have to take it seriously, set aside time, and wait until the letter of credit is received before you take action.

2. Invoice (INVOICE)
Or commercial invoice (CommercialInvoice). The "invoice" concept of foreign trade is completely different from domestic financial invoices. Foreign trade invoices are documents produced and issued by exporters themselves to explain the names, quantities, unit prices, and total values ​​of the goods on the ticket, as well as other contents describing the condition of the goods. The format of the invoice is arbitrary, but it must include the above elements, and the full name must be paid.
The invoice must indicate an invoice number (self-elaboration) and ticketing time. If you need to make a copy of several originals and copies, you should indicate "ORIGINAL" or "COPY".
The end of the invoice usually has the word E.&O.E., which means "when there is an error", that is, if the invoice is wrong or allowed to change.

3, proforma invoice (PROFORMAINVOICE)
The style is similar to a commercial invoice. You can almost directly come up with a commercial invoice. Change the title to "PROFORMAINVOICE". The usefulness of pro forma invoices is similar to unilateral contracts as a tool for quoting and determining transactions. Customers in some countries prefer to "confirm formal invoices" in the form of contracts. Therefore, in addition to the same content as the commercial invoice, you can also add clauses such as delivery date, etc. in the form of a remark in the blank space as necessary to further implement the transaction. In addition, for those transactions that require import licenses or foreign currency usage, customers also need formal invoices for pre-applications. In the use of international express delivery delivery, it is also necessary to attach a pro forma invoice, as a courier company unified declaration program.

4 Packing List (PACKINGLIST)
Corresponding to foreign trade invoices, the same nature, mainly used to illustrate the packaging of the goods, such as product name, quantity, packaging, gross weight, volume. Depending on the needs of the product category, additional details such as net weight can be added. The style is similar to the invoice, except that the value of the goods does not need to be indicated. Usually also need a number of originals and copies.

5, bill of lading (BILLOFLOADING)
A bill of lading is a certificate issued by a shipping company after the goods have been delivered to a shipping company, used to represent property rights, and to pick up goods at the destination. Each shipping company has its own style of bill of lading, but the content is much the same. The bill of lading is the most important document, and in a sense, it is the representative of the goods and the value of the goods. For bills of lading, we will use a chapter devoted to understanding learning. According to the different modes of transportation, it is classified into Air Waybill (AWB), Ocean Bill of Lading (OCEAN BILLOFLOADING, abbreviated as B/L) and others. However, in practice, bills of lading are the most common, followed by air waybills. The bill of lading is filled in by the shipping company based on the consignor’s and consignee's name, destination, and description of the goods, etc., and is signed and issued by the consignor upon confirmation. Normally three pairs and three pairs, any one of the originals can be delivered. Once the goods are picked up, the remaining two will be invalidated. In order to prevent the loss of bills of lading in the process of delivery, if the customer does not specify the requirements, they can only give the customer one or two originals. In addition to the fixed column on the bill of lading, the ocean bill of lading must also be marked with the word "ONBOARDDATE" when it is issued. This is the standard for calculating the actual delivery date.

6. SHIPPING ADVICE

Before the ship is opened or not later than the day the ship is opened, the shipper shall issue a notification of the shipment status to the consignee. The format is not limited, but should include the following: Consignee, consignor

7. Insurance Policy (INSURANCEPOLICY)
In order to prevent possible damages in international cargo transportation, traders usually apply for insurance against some high-value goods.
Insurance companies issue insurance policies based on the type of insurance they are applying for as one of the documents for the goods.
The insurance for marine cargo insurance is classified into two categories: basic risks and additional risks.
(1) There are three types of basic insurance: Freefrom Particular Average (FPA), WithAverageorWithParticularAverage-W.AorW.PA, and AllRisk-AR.
1 The scope of responsibility for the P&C insurance is: In the course of transportation of the insured goods, due to natural disasters, the entire loss or total loss of the entire batch of goods is caused. As a result of the accidents caused by the transportation tools, the goods were subjected to all or part of the losses caused by natural disasters falling on the sea before and after the shipment. When loading or unloading, all or part of the loss due to the falling of one or several cargoes into the sea. The reasonable expenses paid by the insured person for taking measures to rescue, prevent or reduce the damage to the goods covered by the insured goods, but shall not exceed the insured amount of the salvaged goods. The damage caused by the unloading of goods in the port of refuge and the special expenses incurred in unloading, storing, and transporting goods in the port of entry and the port of asylum after the transportation vehicle is in trouble. Common seafarers’ sacrifices, assessments and salvage expenses. The contract of carriage has a "ship collision clause", and according to this clause, the ship owner must repay the ship's losses.
2 WPA's scope of responsibility: In addition to the various responsibilities for peace and WPA, it is also responsible for some of the losses caused by the natural disasters of the insured goods.
3 The scope of responsibility of all risks: In addition to the various liabilities of FPA and WPA, it is also responsible for all or part of the losses caused by the general external reasons during the transit of the insured goods.
(2) The additional risk is the expansion and supplement of the basic risk responsibility. It cannot be separately insured, and the additional risks do not have general additional risks and special risks. There are 11 types of general insurance, which include: Theft?PilferageandNondelivery-TPND, FreshWaterand/or RainDamage, RiskofShortageinWeight, RiskofLeakage, Miscellaneous, Dip Risk of Intermixture and Contamination, Risk of Intermixture and Contamination, Risk of Odour, Sweating and Heating, Hook Damage Risk, Breakage of Packing Risk, and Risk of Rust. Special additional risks include: Failure to Deliver Risk, Import Duty Risk, On Deck Risk, Rejection Risk, Aflatoxin Risk, Seller's Benefit Risk sContingentRisk), export cargo to Hong Kong-Kowloon or Macau depository fire insurance liability expansion clause, strike risk (FireRiskExtensionClauseforStorageofCargoofDestinationHongkongIncludingKowloon?orMacao), OceanMarineCargoWarRisk and so on. When insured, the insurance amount is usually the CIF price plus a 10% bonus. The formula for calculating insurance premiums is:
Insurance Amount = CIF Value × (1 + Markup Rate)
It is not necessary to calculate the insurance premium first. It can be directly based on the known CNF price conversion CIF:
CIF = CFR/[1 - insurance rate × (1 + bonus rate)]
In actual operation, if the value of the goods is not large, for example, it is less than 2,000 US dollars, it is generally handled in a simple manner, and a uniform charge of about 100 yuan will be charged as insurance premiums.

8. Inspection certificate, quality certificate, weight certificate, health certificate, etc. (INSPECTIONCERTIFICATEOFQUANTITY, WEIGHT, HEALGH...)
According to the different products, according to national regulations or according to customer needs, industry habits, some of the merchandise exports must be subject to the State Inspection and Quarantine Bureau and issued a certificate of inspection. According to the different inspection items, they are divided into quality certificates, weight certificates, and health certificates.

For commodities that must be inspected for export, manufacturers must first register with the commodity inspection bureau for registration. Before exporting, fill in the product inspection application form (obtained at the commodity inspection bureau) and send the product sample to the Commodity Inspection Bureau for inspection. After passing the inspection, the commodity inspection authority shall issue a commodity inspection and release list, and may release the goods only for export declaration. In addition to the State Administration of Commodity Inspection, it is common for customers to inspect third-party private inspection agencies. For example, the most famous SGS inspection company (Societe Generalede Surveillance S.A.-Standard Standard Technical Service Co., Ltd., headquartered in Geneva), many traders in African and South-Central concern countries recognized SGS for various reasons such as limited inspection capacity of import and export commodities. test. SGS has branch offices in Guangdong, Shanghai, Qingdao and other places in China. It can conduct inspections at the request of customers. At the same time, SGS has cooperated with the official government of China, the State Administration of Commodity Inspection, and the State Administration of Commodity Inspection has designated the inspection of China's import and export commodities. The headquarters company (CCLS) handled the pre-shipment inspection on behalf of the company. CCLS in Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Hainan and Guangdong had the right to issue SGS inspection reports.
In fact, the routine inspection of many commodities includes quality, weight, hygiene, heavy metals, and other testing items. As for the name of the inspection certificate, it can be selected according to the customer's requirements. That is, the contents of the certificate are the same and the title is different.

9. Certificate of Origin The Certificate of Origin includes the General Certificate of Origin (CERTIFICATION OF FORIGINA) and the Generalized System of Origin (GSPFORMA). The certificate of origin is a certification document that proves the place where I export goods are produced and manufactured. It is an "ID card" for export products to enter the international trade field. The goods importing country accordingly imposes different tariff treatment on the imported goods and decides whether to restrict it or not. China's certificate of origin has a fixed printing format, which is generally issued by the commodity inspection bureau. For export companies to apply for this card, they must first register the company in the local area before they are eligible to apply for a visa. The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is a general, non-discriminatory and non-reciprocal system of preferential tariffs for the exports of manufactured goods and semi-manufactures to developing countries. The GSP Certificate of Origin is a document that can prove that the export goods originated from the beneficiary country and is issued according to the requirements of the granting country, and can enable the goods to enjoy universal preferential tariff treatment in the favoring country. Also generally issued by the Commodity Inspection Bureau, export companies in the Commodity Inspection Bureau to apply for this permit must be provided to the local Commodity Inspection Bureau necessary documents and evidence, first to apply for business registration, and then apply for a visa. Certificates of origin and Generalized System of Gifts can also be issued by local trade promotion associations and chambers of commerce (in many places these two organizations are two teams of the same signboard). The format is the same, but they are stamped differently.

10. Beneficiary Statement (BENEFICIARYCERTIFICATION)
The beneficiary statement only appears under the letter of credit (the beneficiary itself is a term used in the operation of the letter of credit, generally referring to the exporter). If it is not a credit operation, it is generally called a SUPPLIER DECLARATION or similar expression.
The beneficiary statement is mainly used for matters that are inconvenient or impossible to prove with official documents, what the customer requested to do, or something else similar to the letter of guarantee (guarantee to assume certain responsibilities or some responsibilities that may arise). There is no prescribed format for writing. Only the title of the column is BENEFICIARYCERTIFICATION, and the words “WEHEREBYCERTIFICATETHAT...” are followed by the contents of the customer’s required statement.
Examples are as follows:
BENEFICIARY CERTIFICATION
DATE: 08. OCT. 2005
WE HEREBY CERTIFICATE THAT COPY OF ALLSHIPPING DOCUMENTSHAVE BEEN FAXED DIRECTLY TO XXXXX WITHIN 5 DAYS AFTERFROM
B/L DATE.
FUDA IMP&EXP CO.? LTD.
NO.88 XINHUA RD? SHANGHAI?CHINA200020

11. Shipping company/freighter declaration (FORWARDERCERTIFICATION)
A document similar in nature and format to beneficiary declarations issued by a shipping company or shipping company. It is mostly used to prove that the shipping company meets customer requirements in the carrier operation. Common types include claiming that the age of the vessel meets the requirements (for example, within 15 years), and that they do not fly Israeli flags (commonly required by customers in the Middle East).

12. Export Verification Forms for Export Receipts Export Verification Forms for Foreign exchange receipts issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange are foreign exchange earnings declaration management documents. Before exporting, they should be collected by the Bureau of Foreign Affairs, filled in as a form, and then handed over to the Customs as one of the export declaration documents. After the customs cleared the customs, they will be stamped and returned. After receiving the payment from abroad, together with the bank collecting the foreign exchange water and submitting it to the SAFE for verification, the tax refund can be processed.

13. Export Customs Declaration Form When the export declaration is completed and submitted to the Customs. However, at present, in addition to large foreign trade companies or export companies, many exporters generally entrust freight forwarding companies with customs declarations. Export declarations for a single type of six-unit: Customs Operations, Customs Retention, Corporate Retention, Customs Verification, Export Collection, Export Tax Refund. After customs clearance, Huihui will withdraw Huilian Union and Tax Return Union.

14. The letter of credit is based on the letter of credit. After the letter of credit is opened and the bank reaches the bank of the exporter (the beneficiary of the letter of credit), the bank will make a notification and send the letter of credit along with the notification to the exporter.

Power Charger

Power Charger,Portable Charger,Portable Power Bank,Portable Battery Charger

Shenzhen Jinziming Electronic Technology Co.,LTD , https://www.powerchargerusb.com