This is a question that many new bots have asked at least once in their careers. Unfortunately, this is also a question without a simple answer. In this article, we'll look at the 10 most popular programming languages ​​in robotics, delving into their respective strengths and weaknesses and why they are used and discarded. This is actually a very reasonable question - after all, if you never put it into practice, why spend a lot of time and energy learning a new programming language? If you are a newcomer to robotics, you will certainly want to learn a programming language that is really useful for your career. Why is "this depends on..." is a useless answer Unfortunately, if you ask a room for robotics experts or ask "What is the best programming language in robotics?" in forums like Stack Overflow, Quora, Trossen, Reddit, Research Gate, you will never Get a direct answer. Electrical engineers will give different answers from the perspective of industrial robot technology. Computer visual programmers give answers that are different from those given by cognitive robotics experts. Moreover, everyone has their own opinion of what is the best programming language. In the end, the answer that most people will agree with is "this depends on...". This is a rather useless answer for a robotic scholar who is trying to decide which language to learn first. Even this is the most realistic answer - because it really depends on the application you want to develop and the system you are using. Which programming language should I learn first? Which programming language should I learn first? This is a question that many new robot engineers will ask at least once in their careers. Unfortunately, this is also a question without a simple answer. Perhaps the more appropriate question should start with which programming language to start with? However, you will still get a different view, but many robotics experts will agree to start with a key programming language. For robotics experts, the most important thing is to open up your "programming thinking" rather than mastering a specific programming language. In many ways, it doesn't really matter which programming language you start learning. Every language you learn enhances your programming thinking, and with this kind of thinking, it's a lot easier to learn a new programming language. In this article, we'll look at the 10 most popular programming languages ​​in robotics, delving into their respective strengths and weaknesses and why they are used and discarded. The 10 most popular programming languages ​​in robotics There are more than 1,500 programming languages ​​in the world, and there are too many words to learn. Currently, there are 10 of the most popular programming languages ​​in robotics - if you don't like it, please let me know in the message area. For robotics, each programming language has different advantages. I just sorted them in part, from low to high, according to their importance. 10, BASIC / Pascal 9. Industrial Robot Programming Language Almost every robot manufacturer has developed their own proprietary robot programming language, which has become a problem in the industrial robot industry. By learning Pascal, you will be familiar with some of them. But every time you start using a new robot, you have to learn a new programming language. In recent years, the ROS industry has begun to offer more standardized alternative languages ​​to programmers. But if you are a technician, you are still more likely to have to use the manufacturer's programming language. 8, LISP 7, hardware description language (HDLs) 6, Assembly 5, MATLAB 4, C#/.NET 3, Java 2, Python Note: The Raspberry Pi FoundaTIon: A small charitable organization in the UK that was founded to promote technology rather than selling technology. 1, C / C + + What order should you follow to learn from them?
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For several industrial robot languages, BASIC and Pascal are the foundation. BASIC is designed for beginners (BASIC is the abbreviation, Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic InstrucTIon Code), which allows beginners to learn from a very simple programming language. Pascal is designed to encourage good programming habits and introduces structures such as pointers, which makes Pascal a "knockknock" from BASIC to more complex languages. Nowadays, if these two languages ​​are to be a good "everyday use" programming language, it is a bit outdated. However, if you are going to do a lot of low-level coding or want to familiarize yourself with other industrial robot programming languages, it is still useful to learn.
LISP is the second oldest programming language in the world (FORTRAN is older, but only a year earlier). Compared to many other programming languages ​​mentioned today, its application is not extensive. However, it is still very important in the field of artificial intelligence programming. Part of ROS is written in LISP, although you don't need to master this to use ROS.
The hardware description language is generally used to describe the electrical programming method. These languages ​​are quite familiar to some robotics experts because they are used to programming Fieldsmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). FPGAs allow you to develop electronic hardware without actually producing a silicon chip. For some developments, this is a faster and easier choice. If you have not developed an electronic prototype, you may never use HDLs. Even so, it is necessary to understand this programming language because they are very different from other programming languages. One important point: all operations of HDLs are concurrent, not sequential operations of processor-based programming languages.
Assembly allows you to program on 0 and 1 digits. Basically this is the lowest level programming language. Just recently, the lowest level of electronics required Assembly to program. With the rise of Arduino and others like microcontrollers, you can now easily program at the bottom level using C/C++. This means that Assembly may become more unnecessary for most robotics experts.
MATLAB and its associated open source resources, such as Octave, are particularly popular with some robotics engineers, which are used to analyze data and develop control systems. There is also a very popular robot toolbox - MATLAB. I know some experts who can use the MATLAB to develop the entire robot system. If you want to analyze data, generate advanced images or implement a control system, you might want to learn MATLAB.
C# is a specialized programming language provided by Microsoft. I put C#/.NET here, mainly because of the Microsoft Robotics Developer's Work Package (Microsoft RoboTIcs Developer Studio). The main development language for this package is C#. If you are going to use this system, then you will most likely have to use C#.
Java hides the underlying storage functionality from the programmer, which makes it easier to write than some languages ​​(such as C), but it also means that you will have less understanding of the underlying code's running logic. If you have a background in computer science and go to robotics (many people like this, especially in research), you may have already learned Java. Like C# and MATLAB, Java is an interpreted language, which means it won't be compiled into machine code. Instead, the Java virtual machine interprets the instructions at runtime. Using Java, in theory allows you to run the same code on different machines, thanks to the Java Virtual Machine. In practice, this is not always possible, sometimes causing the code to run slowly. But Java is very popular in some robotics, so you may need it.
In recent years, people who have learned Python have had a huge resurgence, especially in the field of robotics. One reason for this may be that Python (and C++) are the two main programming languages ​​in ROS. Unlike Java, Python's focus is on ease of use, and Python doesn't need a lot of time to do routine things like defining and casting variable types. These are very common things in programming. In addition, Python has a large number of free libraries, which means you don't have to "reinvent the wheel" when you need to implement some basic functionality. And because Python allows for simple binding with C/C++ code. This means that the performance of the heavy parts of the code can be embedded in these languages ​​to avoid performance loss. As more and more electronics begin to support "out of the box" Python (along with the Raspberry Pi), we may see more Python in the bot.
Finally we arrived at the number one robot programming language! Many people think that C and C++ are a good starting point for new robotics. why? Because many hardware libraries use both languages. These two languages ​​allow for interaction with low-level hardware, allowing real-time performance and are a very mature programming language. Nowadays, you may use C++ more than C because the former has more features. C++ is basically an extension of C. It's useful to learn a bit first, especially if you find a hardware library written in C. C/C++ is not as easy to use as Python or MATLAB. Also using C to implement the same functionality can take a lot of time and will require more lines of code. However, because robots rely heavily on real-time performance, C and C++ are the programming languages ​​closest to our robotics "standard language."
Although we have listed 10 languages ​​here, this does not mean that you must learn all. The most important thing is to find a language that feels natural and suitable for robot hardware. You need a language that can be developed quickly and easily. This way, you can focus more on development capabilities. With this in mind, I suggest you learn Python first. Of course, this is just my personal opinion. If another language is more meaningful to you, then you choose that language. However, Python is a very easy to learn language. Thanks to its large and convenient library, Python is very powerful. I've heard that many programmers with programming experience can use it for all programming needs immediately after learning Python for a short time. As someone said: I can quickly enter useful code in Python. After you have used Python quite skillfully, I personally recommend that you learn C and then C++. You will need it when programming most of the robot hardware driver interfaces. 