New circuit patterns created by researchers can be printed on various flexible conductive polymers such as clothing, producing materials that extract energy from body heat, and used to power simple biosensors that measure vital signs such as heart rate and respiration. According to researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, a wearable fabric structure embossed with p-type and n-type semiconductors allows clothing fabrics to convert human body heat into electricity to power biosensors, or vice versa. Used to provide the wearer with air conditioning. Researchers used the well-known geometric space of the German mathematician David Hilbert—especially its space-filling curves—as a pattern for circuit imprinting to verify printable thermoelectric energy harvesting. The output voltage and power of the wearable can be fine-tuned to meet the exact requirements of a particular application. The first demonstration at the Georgia Tech University was conducted on paper, but the researchers said that this circuit pattern can also be printed on clothing or a variety of different soft conductive polymers to generate energy that can be collected from the body heat. Materials, and used to power simple biosensors that measure vital signs such as heart rate and breathing. According to Akanksha Menon, a Ph.D. candidate at the Georgia Institute of Technology professor Shannon Yee Laboratory for the study, "The Hilbert pattern we use for interconnection is fractal symmetrical. This is a well-known mathematical structure. It basically means any subset of it. It is exactly the same as the whole - with self-similarity of different scales.When applied to thermoelectric components, the design produces symmetrical lines along the module that can be mosaicized to provide a specific voltage output. This allows us to Components with many elements are printed on a scale and then cut along these symmetry lines to obtain the required voltage. †Georgia Tech researchers measure the electrical conductivity of thermoelectric polymer thin film components (Source: CandlerHobbs/GeorgiaTech) Menon and Yee call their Hilbert curve a fractal wiring pattern because it can print at various densities and then cut the size according to the voltage and power requirements of the target application. Although researchers have not yet been able to prove the process of inverting this to create the concept of personalized air conditioning, they believe that the Hilbert Curve embossed fabric allows the temperature gradient to focus only on the skin of the person wearing the fabric, making it inefficient. All room air conditioning brings huge energy savings. Menon said: "In theory, this component can work in the opposite direction. In this case, current must be transmitted through the component, which will cause one end to cool [inside the garment] and the other end to generate heat [out of the garment]. The challenge is that in order to get a lot of cooling, we need materials with very special materials. So we also conducted another research program in the laboratory specifically for this application." Physician Akanksha Menon of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech Woodruff Measure Thermoelectric Polymer Thin Film Components (Source: CandlerHobbs/GeorgiaTech) Thermoelectric materials have been used in reverse for a long time. For example, a cooler inserted into a car cigarette lighter uses a flexible strip, and when the inside of the cooler cools, it heats up when inserted at the other end, but these products use toxic inorganic bulk materials. Menon and Yee are exploring the use of the same method but substituted with a nontoxic organic film polymer to enable mass production using inkjet printer printing prototypes or roll-to-roll printing. Hilbert plots allow materials to be customized for applications after they have been mass-produced or printed on textiles. This will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the thermo-electric conversion without requiring a voltage or power converter, resulting in hundreds of microwatts (uW) or even milliwatts (mW) of power depending on the size of the clothes. Researchers say that the material's p-type and n-type polarities are more compact than bulk materials, making it energy efficient enough to power medical monitoring sensors that are woven into clothing. The-Garment-Pattern-Biosensor-Nets-2 image shows 3,600 inkjet-printed thermoelectric pins in the area of ​​a 25 cent coin (36.0-x31.2-mm). Red and blue dots indicate n-type and p-type polymers, respectively As for the future, the research team hopes to find optimized materials for specific wearable applications and confirms that comfortable fit clothes can collect enough heat from the wearer's body to execute a sensor network woven into the clothing. The study was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and PepsiCoInc. Details of this study are published in the article "Interconnect Patterns for Printed Organic Thermoelectric Devices with Large Fill Factors" of the Journal of Applied Physics.
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