Distributed photovoltaic power generation refers to a photovoltaic power generation facility that is constructed and operated at or near the user's site, with the user side self-use, the excess power on the Internet, and the balance adjustment of the distribution network system. The state has always adopted a positive attitude towards distributed photovoltaic power generation systems and has introduced a series of support measures. In particular, the "13th Five-Year Plan for Power Development" promulgated at the end of last year set an extraordinary development goal for distributed photovoltaics: "In 2020, solar power installed capacity will reach 110 million kilowatts or more, and distributed photovoltaics will be more than 60 million kilowatts." There are indications that distributed photovoltaics, especially home-distributed photovoltaics, are about to usher in a period of rapid development.

"The trend of the photovoltaic industry must be from concentration to distributed development, which is determined by the characteristics of photovoltaics." Jing Jing, vice president of Jingke pointed out. So far, the photovoltaic market has a reduction in on-grid tariffs, abandonment of light and electricity, and a subsidy for renewable energy is expected to exceed 60 billion yuan in 2017. These problems continue to accompany the development of ground power stations, and these problems are difficult to solve in the short term. At the same time, the ground power station is mainly driven by the leader's plan, and its installed capacity is relatively limited. Under the influence of this series of factors, more new installations will be realized by distributed.

The weak position of distributed photovoltaic power plants is the source of the reversal, and the biggest driving force comes from the policy. The National Energy Administration recently released the "13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development", which states that by 2020, the installed capacity of photovoltaics will reach 105 million kilowatts, and the development focus will be on distributed photovoltaics. In addition, according to the notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, starting from January 1, 2017, the benchmark electricity price of new PV power plants in China's first to third resource zones will be adjusted to 0.65 yuan, 0.75 yuan, and 0.85 yuan per kWh, respectively, down 0.15 from 2016. Yuan, 0.13 yuan, 0.13 yuan, and will be adjusted annually according to the cost changes.

At the same time, compared with the subsidies for the centralized power stations on the ground, the distributed photovoltaic projects are still strong, maintaining a price of 0.42 yuan per kWh, and the profits are relatively rich, which has also become a positive factor. In the view of Gao Jifan, a PV veteran, the domestic distributed PV market is huge. “There are about 200 million roofs in rural areas. Assuming that each household has a 5000-watt PV system, the annual power generation hours can reach 1-1.5 trillion degrees. In addition, there are a large number of industrial and commercial roofs. Around 3-4 GW.". In this way, China's distributed PV market will have a carrying capacity of 6 trillion kWh in the future.

Photovoltaic industry expert Zhao Yuwen also holds the same view. Zhao Wenyu pointed out in an interview with authoritative media that "distributed photovoltaics has become the market's gulf, because the scale of distributed PV installations has increased by 200% last year, but there is still huge room for development from the development goal of 60GW in 2020. In addition, the advancement of electricity reform on the distribution side, especially the gradual establishment of electricity market transactions, will also push up the construction demand for distributed photovoltaic projects. It is expected that the energy bureau will push the distributed photovoltaics for many years from 2017. Start to grow rapidly.

In terms of the scale of distributed PV installations, the newly installed capacity in 2016 was 4.24GW, a year-on-year increase of 200%, and the cumulative installed capacity was 10.32GW. There is still 50GW space from the 2020 target. An average of at least 12 GW of new installed capacity per year for the next four years. In 2020, the distributed proportion will reach 45%. According to the current installed capacity of 25-30 GW per year, by 2020, the installed capacity of domestic photovoltaic power generation is expected to be 200 GW. It can be seen that distributed photovoltaics suitable for installation on the roofs of public buildings such as industrial parks, economic development zones, large industrial and mining enterprises, and shopping malls and school hospitals are getting better.

As the future investment in photovoltaic power plants shifts to the central and eastern regions, and the policy is obviously inclined to distributed photovoltaics, the value of distributed photovoltaic investment is prominent. The market's mature and mature distributed photovoltaics has also triggered the influx of companies and capitals. In the first quarter of 2017 alone, the “grabbing the roof” war was in full swing.

“The 13th Five-Year Plan has a very important idea. The development of renewable energy is more focused on the use of nearby consumption and near-use. The distribution is in full compliance with this principle and is the direction of future development.” Jiangsu Energy Bureau New Energy Division Long Tang Xuewen stressed. Therefore, although the overall situation of the photovoltaic industry is not as good as last year, distributed PV is becoming a breakthrough, and companies engaged in relevant professional information services will be the first to benefit.

From the notice of the National Energy Administration on the annual new construction scale of photovoltaic power generation in 2014 issued by the National Energy Administration in early 2014 (Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 33), the scale of distributed photovoltaic power generation accounts for 800. Ten thousand kilowatts, more than half of the total construction scale, it can be seen that the state fully supports the development of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and distributed photovoltaic power generation is the focus of future photovoltaic power generation development.

In September 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the “Notice of the National Energy Administration on Further Implementing the Policies Related to Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation” (Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 406), and the definition of distributed photovoltaics has been expanded in the notice. On the ground or using agricultural greenhouses and other non-electric consumption facilities, the grid is connected to the grid at 35 kV and below (66 kV and below in the northeast), the capacity of a single project does not exceed 20,000 kW, and the power generation is mainly at the grid connection point. The photovoltaic power station project absorbed by the radio station is included in the distributed photovoltaic power generation scale indicator management, and the local photovoltaic power station benchmarking on-grid price is implemented. This move will greatly benefit the construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems in the central and eastern regions of China, and the project owners will build a distributed power generation system in these areas with a stable return on investment.

From the perspective of the state's full support for distributed PV, roof issues, access issues and loan issues will be gradually resolved. In 2015, distributed photovoltaic power generation will have a rapid development.

In November 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice on Promoting the Construction of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Application Demonstration Zone (Guoneng Xinneng [2014] No. 512). The document mentioned that in addition to the first batch of 18 distributed photovoltaic power generation application demonstration areas announced by the National Energy Administration, 12 parks including Jiaxing Photovoltaic High-tech Zone were added to encourage social investment in distributed photovoltaic power generation application demonstration zones. The demonstration area will be prioritized into the annual management plan for photovoltaic power generation; if the scale indicators are insufficient, policies such as “pre-recorded and post-added indicators” will be enjoyed; 30 demonstration areas will be completed by the end of 2015, with a total scale of 3.35 million kilowatts.

When the development of domestic distributed photovoltaic power generation is hindered, actively accelerating the construction of distributed demonstration areas is an effective means of developing distributed. It is not suitable for the construction of photovoltaic power plants in the eastern part of China. Therefore, a distributed photovoltaic demonstration zone is established in an industrial park with high power load in the east. While solving the problem of large electricity consumption in industrial parks, pollution is reduced, and energy conservation and emission reduction are made. Contributed.

In October 2014, the National Energy Administration and the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office jointly issued the Notice on Implementing the Work Plan for Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Project to carry out photovoltaic poverty alleviation work nationwide. In the second half of 2014, the first batch of PV poverty alleviation projects were surveyed and relevant plans and plans were issued. It is expected that the list of the first batch of PV poverty alleviation projects in 2015 will be determined, and the first batch of poverty alleviation work will be focused.

Local governments help poor households develop rooftop PV through “photovoltaic poverty alleviation”. “Photovoltaic poverty alleviation” can not only meet the needs of poor households, but also gain income by selling electricity to the grid, increasing the direct income of poor families. At the same time, rural areas account for the majority of China, and the development of distributed photovoltaic industry in rural poverty areas is a powerful complement to photovoltaic power plants and urban distributed photovoltaics. “Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation” has opened up a new channel for poverty alleviation. It has also broken the long-term “blood-transfusion” poverty alleviation model in China. From a single fund for poverty alleviation to a “hematopoietic” poverty alleviation model, it has implications for the exploration of national poverty alleviation channels.

Over the years, the state has introduced a series of policies to build domestic photovoltaic power plants in order to alleviate the impact of Europe and the United States on China's PV dual-counterty policy. Although this policy effectively solved the problem of overcapacity of PV modules, it led to the extraordinary development of China's solar power plants, while the development of distributed PV was slow and the proportion was seriously out of balance.

At the same time, compared with developed countries, the proportion of distributed PV in China is seriously low. The proportion of foreign distributed PV is about 80% in Germany, and about 50% in the US and Japan. As of the end of 2016, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation was 77.42 million kilowatts, of which distributed cumulative installed capacity was 10.32 million kilowatts, accounting for 13.3%. In Japan, developed countries in Europe and America, the proportion of distributed photovoltaics in large power stations and households is maintained at a healthy development level of 1:1, while China's large-scale photovoltaic power plants account for as much as 80%. Since most of the large power stations are built in remote areas in the northwest, they can't really solve the electricity consumption of the residents. Because of the lag in the construction of the power grid, the phenomenon of abandoned light is frequent and the resources are wasted.

At present, national energy planning has set extraordinary development goals for distributed photovoltaics. The "13th Five-Year Plan for Power Development" proposes that by 2020, the installed capacity of solar power will reach 110 million kilowatts or more, and distributed photovoltaics will be more than 60 million kilowatts. In terms of the scale of distributed PV installations, the newly installed capacity in 2016 was 4.24GW, a year-on-year increase of 200%, with a cumulative installed capacity of 10.32GW. There is still 50GW of space from the 2020 target, and an average of at least 12GW of new installed capacity per year for the next four years. Great development space. In order to ensure the realization of the goal, the state has issued a series of policies to support, the most typical is the price policy support.

At the end of 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Notice on Adjusting the On-grid Electricity Price of Onshore Wind Power for Photovoltaic Power Generation”, proposing to reduce the on-grid price of photovoltaic power plants and onshore wind power in sub-resource areas, while the distributed photovoltaic power generation subsidy standard and offshore wind power benchmark price are not Adjustment. After January 1, 2017, the benchmark on-grid tariffs for newly built photovoltaic power plants in the first to third types of resource areas were adjusted to 0.65 yuan, 0.75 yuan, and 0.85 yuan per kWh, respectively, which was 0.15 yuan and 0.13 yuan lower than the 2016 electricity price per kWh. , 0.13 yuan. The National Development and Reform Commission also made it clear that in the future, the PV benchmark price will be adjusted once a year according to the cost changes. Compared with subsidies for ground-based power plants, distributed PV projects are still strong, maintaining a price of 0.42 yuan per kWh, and the profits are relatively abundant, which has become the biggest positive factor for promoting the rapid development of distributed photovoltaics.

In addition to price support, the relevant departments of the central government have also issued a series of policies to support distributed photovoltaics. On February 27, 2013, the State Grid held a press conference to release the “Opinions on Doing a Good Job of Distributed Power Grid-Connected Services” to solve the problem of distributed PV grid-connected. In January 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the “Notice of the National Energy Administration on the Annual New Construction Scale of Photovoltaic Power Generation in 2014”, which determined the scale of new PV construction in 2014: the total new filing volume for the whole year is 14GW, of which distributed. 8GW. On September 4 of the same year, the National Energy Administration issued the “Notice on Further Implementing the Relevant Policies on Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation”. In order to promote the development of distributed photovoltaics, the policy made major adjustments to its connotation and extension: “spontaneous use and surplus” A mode in the "Internet access" or "full Internet access."

In 2014, dozens of policies on promoting distributed photovoltaics were released across the country, including Jiaxing Xiuzhou's striking 2.8 yuan subsidized electricity price, and Jiangxi's high-profile debut of the largest province of distributed photovoltaics. In 2014, the National Energy Administration issued about 13 policies on the photovoltaic industry, of which 5 were clearly distributed.

From the experience of developed countries, the photovoltaic industry has its own development characteristics, and its trend is generally from concentration to distributed development, which is determined by the characteristics of photovoltaics.

At present, China's PV market has a reduction in on-grid tariffs, abandonment of light and electricity, and a subsidy for renewable energy is expected to exceed 60 billion yuan in 2017. These problems continue to accompany the development of ground power stations, and these problems are difficult to solve in the short term. . At the same time, the ground power station is mainly driven by the leader's plan, and its installed capacity is relatively limited. The distributed photovoltaic is suitable for installation on the roofs of public buildings such as industrial parks, economic development zones, large industrial and mining enterprises, and shopping school hospitals. The advantage is that it is close to the user side and the cost is low. In addition, photovoltaics on the roof can be used for heat insulation, which can save electricity and produce electricity. According to projections, the Chinese distributed photovoltaic market will have a carrying capacity of 6 trillion kWh in the future. Under the influence of a series of factors, more new installations in the future will be realized by distributed photovoltaics.

In addition, the advancement of electricity reform on the distribution side, especially the gradual establishment of electricity market transactions, will also push up the construction demand for distributed photovoltaic projects. It is expected that the distributed photovoltaics that the Energy Bureau will push for many years will start from 2017. Rapid growth.

For a long time, the rapid growth of the western new energy power station and the lack of trans-regional power transmission capacity in China are a significant contradiction. For photovoltaic power plants, the Energy Bureau will clearly define the development priorities, limit the amount of power stations in the west, and guide the industry toward distribution. At the same time, distributed power generation is close to the power load, and in line with the development direction of intelligent power distribution and power consumption, the future will become an important direction for domestic PV development.

The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” has a very important idea. The development of renewable energy is more focused on the use of nearby consumption and near-use. Distributed photovoltaics fully conform to this principle and are the future development direction. Compared with large power plants, the distributed solution solves the long-distance transmission problem and grid-connected pressure of large power plants. At present, with the promulgation of the national electricity reform policy and the development of the energy Internet, more and more companies in China are involved in the business model from the power consumption side, enabling the power supply side to be Internet-based, and it is expected to realize the realm of energy demand side management and energy Internet. Landing. With the development of technology, the landing of the energy Internet, the weaknesses of distributed existence, such as unclear business model and difficulty in collecting electricity charges, will be solved.

At present, the state strongly encourages the form of distributed photovoltaic applications, and the implementation of the “basic electricity price + subsidy” price policy for distributed photovoltaic projects. Among them, the state-level subsidy is 0.42 yuan / kWh; many powerful provinces, cities and counties have introduced local subsidies on the basis of state subsidies.

Take Shanghai 5kWp solar system as an example, with an annual output of 6,000 kWh, 30% for own use, and 0.977 yuan for the third step. The proceeds include three parts: one is the national and local subsidies, and the state subsidies 0.42 yuan per kWh. The subsidy is 0.4 yuan per kilowatt hour, and the annual income is 4,920 yuan. The second is the self-use electricity cost saved. The 5kW system can save 1758 yuan per year. The third is to reverse the sales power of the national grid. The 5kW system can sell 1830 yuan per year. All calculated, the annual income is about 8,500 yuan, while the 5kW system investment is about 50,000 yuan, and the static investment return rate is as high as 17%.

In the next few years, with the intensive policy of national and local solutions to the problem of distributed PV dilemma, and the gradual implementation of preferential tax and fee measures, the revenue of distributed photovoltaic projects is expected to further increase. The market's mature and mature distributed photovoltaics has also triggered the influx of companies and capitals. In the first quarter of 2017 alone, the “grabbing the roof” war was in full swing.

As the closest family distributed photovoltaic to the lives of ordinary people, it has the advantages of quick effect, small investment, simple grid connection and timely subsidy. It is currently the most promising field.

The first is quick results. The home photovoltaic power station is the fastest application form, the fastest installation, the fastest grid connection, and the fastest subsidized application form. If you look at the power company, you can know that it usually takes 10 working days for the home power station to get access to the application. The entire installation process usually takes no more than 3 days, and the acceptance of the grid is generally no more than 7 days. The subsidy is usually issued within a period of no more than 3 months. Therefore, the entire process can be completed in as little as 15 days.

Second is the small investment. In China, the average urban villas use a lot of electricity. However, most of the villas in China are European-style roofs with more roofs. Therefore, the installation capacity is mostly between 5-8 kWp. For individual villas or elevated roofs, 10 kWp can be installed. Above; and the solar system input of 5-8kWp is only only 6-10 million yuan. Although the average rural villa has a large roof, the subsidy method in China is to use the self-supplemented residual electricity to access the Internet. The general electricity consumption is not too much. Therefore, the rural roof installation capacity is generally 3-5 kWp. In this way, if you invest in 3-5 million yuan, you can enjoy the solar system in the countryside.

Again, the grid connection is simple. The grid-connected process can apply for distributed photovoltaic power generation access free of charge as long as it issues a certificate of title to ensure that there is a meter-mounted meter on the grid. At the same time, the power company provides two meters free of charge and free access to the design. Installation does not require special access equipment, grid switch, and components that meet the requirements of the state, the inverter can be.

Finally, the subsidy is timely. At present, subsidies for distributed household power stations are the fastest among all new energy projects, while large power plants are delayed to issue subsidies for up to 24 months, which seriously affects the enthusiasm and market for investing in solar energy, and also makes investment companies financially risky. increase. The family project is usually executed once every three months, and the longest is no more than six months. This allows all users of solar roofs to see the benefits and believe in the return on investment of solar energy.

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