The frequency divider is to distinguish the sound signals of different frequency bands, respectively give amplification, and then send them to the speakers of the corresponding frequency bands for playback. In high quality sound reproduction, electronic crossover processing is required.

The crossover is a kind of circuit device in the speaker, which separates the input analog audio signal into different parts such as treble, midrange and bass, and then respectively sends them into the corresponding high, medium and low woofer units for playback. The reason for this is that no single speaker can perfectly reproduce the full frequency of the sound.

The crossover is the "brain" in the speaker, which is very important for the sound quality. The music signal output by the power amplifier must be processed by the filter wave component in the frequency divider to allow the signals of specific frequencies of each unit to pass. It is necessary to scientifically design, rationally and rigorously design the frequency divider of the speaker to effectively modify the different characteristics of the speaker unit, optimize the combination, so that each unit can develop its strengths and avoid weaknesses, and exert its potential as much as possible to make the frequency response of each frequency band change. Smooth, accurate phase of the sound image, in order to make the music played by high, medium and low sounds clear, co-ordinated, clear, comfortable, wide and natural sound quality.

In a speaker system, people refer to the box, frequency dividing circuit, and speaker unit as the three major parts of the speaker system, and the frequency divider is the "brain" in the speaker. The frequency dividing circuit can restore the speaker system with high quality. Electroacoustic signals play an extremely important role. Especially in the middle and high frequency parts, the role played by the frequency dividing circuit is more obvious.

The circuit that connects the tweeter: let the current flow through the capacitor first, block the low frequency, let the high frequency pass, and the horn is connected in parallel with a coil to make the coil generate a negative voltage. This voltage is exactly a voltage compensation for the tweeter, so it can The sound current is reduced approximately realistically.

Connect the woofer circuit: the current flows through the coil first, so that the high frequency part is blocked, and the low frequency band passes smoothly because the coil is basically not obstructed. Similarly, the woofer is connected in parallel with a capacitor, which is to use a capacitor to generate a high frequency. The voltage is used to compensate for the lost voltage, which is the same as the tweeter.

It can be seen that the characteristics of the capacitor and the coil that are fully utilized by the frequency divider are divided. However, the coils and capacitors still consume voltage in the respective blocked frequency bands, so the circuit divider will lose a certain amount of sound, and there are many compensation measures. The electronic crossover solves this problem. When the sound is input to the power amplifier, the frequency is divided first, and then a special amplifier circuit is used to amplify the different frequency bands, so that the sound distortion is small and the reproduction is realistic. But the circuit is complicated and expensive.

The speaker crossover cable is generally divided into signal input and signal output (connected to the high, medium and low speaker units). The speaker crossover connection is very important. The reverse sound quality will be far from or completely opposite to the design and debugging. If you make a mistake, you may even burn the unit.

Some people think that the speaker crossover connection should follow the blue line to connect the treble red line to the woofer unit, but we can't follow the steps.

In the case of uncertain speaker divider connection, you can try the following methods:

First, you should remove the crossover to view the silk screen near the wiring hole on the PCB circuit board. Generally, the IN+/IN- or input+/input- will be marked near the input line hole, and the low-/low-, high-pitched sound will be marked near the woofer unit line hole. Hi+/hi- will be marked near the unit line hole;

Secondly, the general experience blue line is connected to the treble red line to the woofer unit, the black line is the ground line, and the signal input line is generally four lines of red and black in parallel;

In addition, you can check the connection terminals of the cable. Generally, the positive and negative terminal strips of the speaker unit are one big and one small. The high-sound large inserts will be smaller than the lower speaker unit. The signal input terminals are generally 4 large. Insert.

Vehicle frequency divider connection

There are 8 terminals on the general car divider.

The input English of the crossover is "INPUT"

The terminal of the subwoofer is "WOOFER"

The terminal that connects the bass is "BASS"

The terminal for the middle is "MEDIAN"

The treble terminal is "TREBLE"

Among them, INPUT two terminals, WOOFER two terminals, TREBLE has four terminals, one is the negative pole, three are the high-pitched gain boosting and attenuation joints, respectively +3db, 0db, -3db.

The connection method is: the input signal from the host is connected to INPUT, the subwoofer is connected to WOOFER, the bass is connected to BASS, the treble is connected to TREBLE, and the positive one looks at the feeling of personal audition, which can be connected to +3db, 0db, -3db.

Electronic crossover

The front panel of the electronic crossover, the function of each function button, button and interface is described below.

(1) INPUTGAIN: Input gain. The input signal level is adjusted, usually placed at the rib B position.

(2) LFDELAY: Bass delay. O-2ms (maximum 60cm) delay for the bass.

(3) LF/HFGAIN: Low frequency/high frequency gain. Adjust the level of the low frequency band and the high frequency band.

(4) MUTE: mute. Block signals from a certain frequency band.

(5) x-0VERPREQ: frequency division (divide point). When dividing by two, there is only one crossover point; when three is divided, there are two crossover points.

(6) RANGE: Frequency range - o The frequency range is selected between 90-900 Hz or 900 Hz - 9 kHz.

(7) MODE: frequency division mode. Two-channel two-way or mono three-way selection.

(8) MONOBASS: Mono bass. In 2-channel stereo mode, you can select a mono bass output.

(9) CDEQ: Constant pointing horn balance. In the case of using a constant pointing horn (patent of the US EV Corporation), the high frequency band characteristics can be made better.

(10) LIMITER: Limit button. Output signal gain limit adjustment, used to limit excessive signal and protect the amplifier speaker.

(11) THRESHOLD: Threshold selection button. Choose a limit threshold range with -6dB and +18dBu options.

The back panel of the electronic crossover is generally based on various interfaces. The functions of each interface and function keys are described below:

(1) FUSE: Insurance and power outlets

(2) SERIALNUMBER: product serial number

(3) HIGH/MID/LOWOUTPUT: High frequency/intermediate frequency/low frequency output interface. When the two-channel two-way output is output, the high-frequency and low-frequency are output according to the frequency band above the interface; when the channel is three-way, the high-frequency, intermediate-frequency and low-frequency are output according to the frequency band below the interface.

(4) POLARITY: Polarity (phase) button, which can be used for reverse phase adjustment.

(5) INPUT: Signal input interface. The full-range signal is input from this interface, and the signal is input from the left channel when the mono three-way mode is used.

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