High-performance electromagnetic wave shielding materials have become the key technology to solve electromagnetic wave pollution

The rapid development of electronic and electrical equipment in the information age has brought convenience to people, but also produced a large number of negative effects, such as electromagnetic information leakage, electromagnetic environmental pollution and electromagnetic interference. High-performance electromagnetic wave shielding materials have become a key technology for solving electromagnetic wave pollution. With the advent of the high-frequency and high-speed 5G era and the development of wearable devices, higher requirements have been placed on electromagnetic shielding materials. Although metal materials have good electromagnetic shielding properties, their high density and corrosion resistance limit their further applications. Therefore, the development of efficient, lightweight, flexible, corrosion-resistant metal-based electromagnetic wave shielding materials is a major challenge.

Recently, Professor Liao Weixin of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Wang Zhengping and Sun Rong of the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences published the latest research results in the International Nanomaterials Journal Small efficient electromagnetic interference shielding ("Corrosion-resistant lightweight flexible carbon-coated metal nanowire hybrid foam for high-performance electromagnetic shielding"). The researchers used hydrothermal method and high temperature annealing to prepare carbon-coated silver nanowire hybrid sponge (Ag @ C). The Ag @ C sponge has ultra-light (very low density 3.2 mg / cm3) and good mechanical properties ( It can be bent, twisted, and fully recovered at 90% compressive strain) and excellent electromagnetic wave shielding performance (above 70 dB in X-band and Ku-band). More importantly, due to the effective coating of the shell carbon on the silver wire and its special porous structure, the Ag @ C sponge exhibits super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 158o) and excellent corrosion resistance (at pH = 0 No significant change in shielding performance after immersion in nitric acid solution for 7 days). The hybrid sponge combines the excellent shielding performance of metals with the advantages of light weight, flexibility and corrosion resistance of carbon materials, and its comprehensive performance is far superior to traditional metal materials and ordinary carbon materials. This work provides new design ideas for the development of efficient, lightweight, flexible, and corrosion-resistant metal-based electromagnetic shielding materials. Wan Yanjun, a Ph.D. student at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is the first author of the paper, Liao Weixin and Sun Rong are co-corresponding authors of the paper. Team member researchers Zhu Pengli and Yu Shuhui participated in the research work.

In addition, the research team combined cheap and easily available cellulose fibers with graphene oxide, and developed ultra-light (density of only 2.83 mg / cm3) and excellent mechanical properties by adjusting the ratio, annealing temperature and atmosphere Shielded (47.8 dB) aerogel (Carbon, 2017; 115: 629-639). Based on this research, combined with the team ’s previous research on graphene composite materials (Composites Science and Technology, 2016; 122: 27-35 (Highly Cited Paper, Web of Science); RSC Advances, 2016, 6 (61): 56589- 56598; Composites Science and Technology, 2017; 141: 48-55), the team also developed a doped graphene paper, by doping the selected large-sized graphene with iodine, on the one hand, large-sized graphene has better The conjugated structure is beneficial to improve its carrier transmission; on the other hand, iodine doping further increases its carrier density. Therefore, the doped graphene paper exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave shielding performance (thickness is only 12.5 microns, the shielding efficiency is as high as 52.2 dB) and the mechanical properties are not significantly reduced compared to undoped graphene paper (Carbon, 2017; 122: 74-81). This research work provides a new method for the development of high-performance graphene-based shielding films.

Relevant work was supported by the National Key R & D Project (2017YFB0406300), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (T23-407 / 13-N), the Guangdong Advanced Team for Advanced Electronic Packaging Materials (2011D052), the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Key Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging 2014B030301014) and other projects.

Figure 1. Preparation of high-performance electromagnetic shielding carbon-coated silver nanowire hybrid sponge: (a) Schematic diagram of preparation of Ag @ C; (b) Schematic and physical picture of hybrid sponge before and (c) carbonization; (d ) Hybrid sponges of different shapes exhibit excellent mechanical properties; (e) Schematic diagram of hybrid sponge shielding electromagnetic waves.

Figure 2. The structure of hybrid sponge and its electromagnetic shielding performance at different thicknesses and frequency bands

Figure 3. The shielding performance and morphological structure of the hybrid sponge after immersion in nitric acid (pH = 0) solution for 7 days

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